Find JSON Schema segment(s) for JSON; allow type-based searches to be JSON Schema aware

[brettz9]

I would like to see:

1. A class method utility to find a JSON Schema segment (or segments) for a given JSON object (along with the schema's parent and parent property for potential manipulation)
2. Type-based searches (which utilize the class method utility) which are JSON Schema aware, e.g., instead of just $..*@string(), we could support something like $..*@type(mySchemaType)

[brettz9]

One further possibility would be to allow Ajax retrieval of the JSON and automatically do schema URL detection (and optional retrieval, e.g., if there is a @type() path component) from the recommended header of JSON, e.g., Content-Type: application/my-media-type+json; profile=http://example.com/my-hyper-schema#. This might be particularly justified with issue #61 calling for Ajax abilities anyways.