promotion.jl

# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: http://julialang.org/license

## type join (closest common ancestor, or least upper bound) ##

typejoin() = Bottom
typejoin(t::ANY) = t
typejoin(t::ANY, ts...) = typejoin(t, typejoin(ts...))
function typejoin(a::ANY, b::ANY)
    if isa(a,TypeConstructor); a = a.body; end
    if isa(b,TypeConstructor); b = b.body; end
    if a <: b
        return b
    elseif b <: a
        return a
    end
    if isa(a,TypeVar)
        return typejoin(a.ub, b)
    end
    if isa(b,TypeVar)
        return typejoin(a, b.ub)
    end
    if isa(a,Union) || isa(b,Union)
        u = Union{a, b}
        if !isa(u,Union)
            return u
        end
        return reduce(typejoin, Bottom, u.types)
    end
    if a <: Tuple
        if !(b <: Tuple)
            return Any
        end
        ap, bp = a.parameters, b.parameters
        la = length(ap)::Int; lb = length(bp)::Int
        if la==0 || lb==0
            return Tuple
        end
        if la < lb
            if isvarargtype(ap[la])
                c = cell(la)
                c[la] = Vararg{typejoin(ap[la].parameters[1], tailjoin(bp,la))}
                n = la-1
            else
                c = cell(la+1)
                c[la+1] = Vararg{tailjoin(bp,la+1)}
                n = la
            end
        elseif lb < la
            if isvarargtype(bp[lb])
                c = cell(lb)
                c[lb] = Vararg{typejoin(bp[lb].parameters[1], tailjoin(ap,lb))}
                n = lb-1
            else
                c = cell(lb+1)
                c[lb+1] = Vararg{tailjoin(ap,lb+1)}
                n = lb
            end
        else
            c = cell(la)
            n = la
        end
        for i = 1:n
            ai = ap[i]; bi = bp[i]
            ci = typejoin(unwrapva(ai),unwrapva(bi))
            c[i] = isvarargtype(ai) || isvarargtype(bi) ? Vararg{ci} : ci
        end
        return Tuple{c...}
    elseif b <: Tuple
        return Any
    end
    while !is(b,Any)
        if a <: b.name.primary
            while a.name !== b.name
                a = super(a)
            end
            # join on parameters
            n = length(a.parameters)
            p = cell(n)
            for i = 1:n
                ai, bi = a.parameters[i], b.parameters[i]
                if ai === bi || (isa(ai,Type) && isa(bi,Type) && typeseq(ai,bi))
                    p[i] = ai
                else
                    p[i] = a.name.primary.parameters[i]
                end
            end
            return a.name.primary{p...}
        end
        b = super(b)
    end
    return Any
end

# reduce typejoin over A[i:end]
function tailjoin(A, i)
    t = Bottom
    for j = i:length(A)
        t = typejoin(t, unwrapva(A[j]))
    end
    return t
end

## promotion mechanism ##

promote_type()  = Bottom
promote_type(T) = T
promote_type(T, S, U, V...) = promote_type(T, promote_type(S, U, V...))

promote_type(::Type{Bottom}, ::Type{Bottom}) = Bottom
promote_type{T}(::Type{T}, ::Type{T}) = T
promote_type{T}(::Type{T}, ::Type{Bottom}) = T
promote_type{T}(::Type{Bottom}, ::Type{T}) = T

# Try promote_rule in both orders. Typically only one is defined,
# and there is a fallback returning Bottom below, so the common case is
#   promote_type(T, S) =>
#   promote_result(T, S, result, Bottom) =>
#   typejoin(result, Bottom) => result
promote_type{T,S}(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}) =
    promote_result(T, S, promote_rule(T,S), promote_rule(S,T))

promote_rule(T, S) = Bottom

promote_result(t,s,T,S) = promote_type(T,S)
# If no promote_rule is defined, both directions give Bottom. In that
# case use typejoin on the original types instead.
promote_result{T,S}(::Type{T},::Type{S},::Type{Bottom},::Type{Bottom}) = typejoin(T, S)

promote() = ()
promote(x) = (x,)
function promote{T,S}(x::T, y::S)
    (convert(promote_type(T,S),x), convert(promote_type(T,S),y))
end
promote_typeof(x) = typeof(x)
promote_typeof(x, xs...) = promote_type(typeof(x), promote_typeof(xs...))
function promote(x, y, z)
    (convert(promote_typeof(x,y,z), x),
     convert(promote_typeof(x,y,z), y),
     convert(promote_typeof(x,y,z), z))
end
function promote(x, y, zs...)
    (convert(promote_typeof(x,y,zs...), x),
     convert(promote_typeof(x,y,zs...), y),
     convert(Tuple{Vararg{promote_typeof(x,y,zs...)}}, zs)...)
end
# TODO: promote{T}(x::T, ys::T...) here to catch all circularities?

## promotions in arithmetic, etc. ##

# Because of the promoting fallback definitions for Number, we need
# a special case for undefined promote_rule on numeric types.
# Otherwise, typejoin(T,S) is called (returning Number) so no conversion
# happens, and +(promote(x,y)...) is called again, causing a stack
# overflow.
promote_result{T<:Number,S<:Number}(::Type{T},::Type{S},::Type{Bottom},::Type{Bottom}) =
    promote_to_super(T, S, typejoin(T,S))

# promote numeric types T and S to typejoin(T,S) if T<:S or S<:T
# for example this makes promote_type(Integer,Real) == Real without
# promoting arbitrary pairs of numeric types to Number.
promote_to_super{T<:Number          }(::Type{T}, ::Type{T}, ::Type{T}) = T
promote_to_super{T<:Number,S<:Number}(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, ::Type{T}) = T
promote_to_super{T<:Number,S<:Number}(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, ::Type{S}) = S
promote_to_super{T<:Number,S<:Number}(::Type{T}, ::Type{S}, ::Type) =
    error("no promotion exists for ", T, " and ", S)

+(x::Number, y::Number) = +(promote(x,y)...)
*(x::Number, y::Number) = *(promote(x,y)...)
-(x::Number, y::Number) = -(promote(x,y)...)
/(x::Number, y::Number) = /(promote(x,y)...)
^(x::Number, y::Number) = ^(promote(x,y)...)

fma(x::Number, y::Number, z::Number) = fma(promote(x,y,z)...)
muladd(x::Number, y::Number, z::Number) = muladd(promote(x,y,z)...)

(&)(x::Integer, y::Integer) = (&)(promote(x,y)...)
(|)(x::Integer, y::Integer) = (|)(promote(x,y)...)
($)(x::Integer, y::Integer) = ($)(promote(x,y)...)

==(x::Number, y::Number) = (==)(promote(x,y)...)
< (x::Real, y::Real)     = (< )(promote(x,y)...)
<=(x::Real, y::Real)     = (<=)(promote(x,y)...)

div(x::Real, y::Real) = div(promote(x,y)...)
fld(x::Real, y::Real) = fld(promote(x,y)...)
cld(x::Real, y::Real) = cld(promote(x,y)...)
rem(x::Real, y::Real) = rem(promote(x,y)...)
mod(x::Real, y::Real) = mod(promote(x,y)...)

mod1(x::Real, y::Real) = mod1(promote(x,y)...)
rem1(x::Real, y::Real) = rem1(promote(x,y)...)
fld1(x::Real, y::Real) = fld1(promote(x,y)...)

max(x::Real, y::Real) = max(promote(x,y)...)
min(x::Real, y::Real) = min(promote(x,y)...)
minmax(x::Real, y::Real) = minmax(promote(x, y)...)

checked_add(x::Integer, y::Integer) = checked_add(promote(x,y)...)
checked_sub(x::Integer, y::Integer) = checked_sub(promote(x,y)...)
checked_mul(x::Integer, y::Integer) = checked_mul(promote(x,y)...)

## catch-alls to prevent infinite recursion when definitions are missing ##

no_op_err(name, T) = error(name," not defined for ",T)
+{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("+", T)
*{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("*", T)
-{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("-", T)
/{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("/", T)
^{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("^", T)

fma{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T, z::T) = no_op_err("fma", T)
fma(x::Integer, y::Integer, z::Integer) = x*y+z
muladd{T<:Number}(x::T, y::T, z::T) = x*y+z

(&){T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("&", T)
(|){T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("|", T)
($){T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("\$", T)

=={T<:Number}(x::T, y::T) = x === y
 <{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("<" , T)
<={T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("<=", T)

div{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("div", T)
fld{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("fld", T)
cld{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("cld", T)
rem{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("rem", T)
mod{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("mod", T)

mod1{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("mod1", T)
rem1{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("rem1", T)
fld1{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("fld1", T)

max{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = ifelse(y < x, x, y)
min{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = ifelse(y < x, y, x)
minmax{T<:Real}(x::T, y::T) = y < x ? (y, x) : (x, y)

checked_add{T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("checked_add", T)
checked_sub{T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("checked_sub", T)
checked_mul{T<:Integer}(x::T, y::T) = no_op_err("checked_mul", T)