|
2 | 2 | tags: |
3 | 3 | - 数学 |
4 | 4 | --- |
| 5 | +# 简介 |
5 | 6 | ## 环境配置 |
6 | 7 | 代码类型: tikz |
7 | 8 | ``` |
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ The following packages are available in `\usepackage{}`: |
37 | 38 | 会导致报错 |
38 | 39 |
|
39 | 40 | --- |
| 41 | +# 配置项 |
40 | 42 | ## 颜色 |
41 | 43 | TikZ 内置了一些常见的颜色方案，方便绘图时使用。这些颜色可以直接引用，也可以通过 `xcolor` 包扩展。以下是主要内置颜色方案： |
42 | 44 | ### 常用颜色 |
@@ -186,7 +188,6 @@ TikZ 内置了一些常见的颜色方案，方便绘图时使用。这些颜色 |
186 | 188 | --- |
187 | 189 | ## 颜色填充 |
188 | 190 |
|
189 | | -大多数情况都失败了, 但是有一次看到了一个偶然的成功案例 |
190 | 191 | ``` |
191 | 192 | % 填充阴影区域 |
192 | 193 | \begin{scope} \clip (0,-1.5) rectangle (1,0); \fill[black!20,opacity=0.7] plot[domain=0.01:1,smooth]({\x}, {ln(\x)}) -- (1,0) -- (0,0) -- cycle; \end{scope} |
@@ -229,6 +230,88 @@ TikZ 内置了一些常见的颜色方案，方便绘图时使用。这些颜色 |
229 | 230 |
|
230 | 231 |
|
231 | 232 |
|
| 233 | +--- |
| 234 | +## Polygon |
| 235 | + |
| 236 | +You can use the geometric shapes given by the shapes.geometric library |
| 237 | + |
| 238 | +```latex |
| 239 | +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} |
| 240 | +
|
| 241 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[mystyle/.style={draw,shape=circle,fill=blue}] |
| 242 | +\def\ngon{5} |
| 243 | +\node[regular polygon,regular polygon sides=\ngon,minimum size=3cm] (p) {}; |
| 244 | +\foreach\x in {1,...,\ngon}{\node[mystyle] (p\x) at (p.corner \x){};} |
| 245 | +\foreach\x in {1,...,\numexpr\ngon-1\relax}{ |
| 246 | + \foreach\y in {\x,...,\ngon}{ |
| 247 | + \draw (p\x) -- (p\y); |
| 248 | + } |
| 249 | +} |
| 250 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 251 | +``` |
| 252 | + |
| 253 | +--- |
| 254 | +One short tikz code without use of a library. |
| 255 | + |
| 256 | +```latex |
| 257 | +\documentclass[border=7mm]{standalone} |
| 258 | +\usepackage{tikz} |
| 259 | +\begin{document} |
| 260 | +\foreach \n in {3,...,7} |
| 261 | + \tikz\foreach \i in {1,...,\n} |
| 262 | + \fill (\i*360/\n:1) coordinate (n\i) circle(2 pt) |
| 263 | + \ifnum \i>1 foreach \j in {\i,...,1}{(n\i) edge (n\j)} \fi; |
| 264 | +\end{document} |
| 265 | +``` |
| 266 | + |
| 267 | +--- |
| 268 | +For fun, a short code with `pst-poly` gets the desired result: |
| 269 | + |
| 270 | +```latex |
| 271 | +\documentclass[svgnames]{standalone} |
| 272 | +
|
| 273 | +\usepackage{pst-poly} |
| 274 | +\usepackage{auto-pst-pdf} |
| 275 | +\begin{document} |
| 276 | +
|
| 277 | +\psset{unit=3.5cm, dimen=middle, linejoin=1, dotsize=12pt} |
| 278 | +\begin{pspicture}(-1,-1)(1,1) |
| 279 | + \providecommand{\PstPolygonNode}{\psdots[dotsize=12pt, linecolor=SteelBlue](1;\INode) |
| 280 | + } |
| 281 | + \rput(0,0){\PstPentagon[PolyName=A, linecolor=LightSteelBlue, linewidth=1.2pt] } |
| 282 | + \rput(0,0){\PstPentagon[PolyName=A, PolyOffset=2] } |
| 283 | +\end{pspicture} |
| 284 | +
|
| 285 | +\end{document} |
| 286 | +``` |
| 287 | + |
| 288 | +**Upgrade:** An improved version, which itself calculate all necessary data from given number of nodes and angle of the first node position: |
| 289 | +```latex |
| 290 | +\documentclass[border=3mm,tikz]{standalone} |
| 291 | +
|
| 292 | +\begin{document} |
| 293 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[ |
| 294 | + every node/.style={draw,shape=circle,fill=blue,text=white}] |
| 295 | +%%%% variable data data |
| 296 | +\def\numpoly{8}%number of nodes |
| 297 | +\def\startangle{30}%direction of the first node |
| 298 | +\def\pradious{33mm} |
| 299 | +%------- calculations of the positions angles |
| 300 | +\pgfmathparse{int(\startangle+360/\numpoly)}% |
| 301 | + \let\nextangle=\pgfmathresult |
| 302 | +\pgfmathparse{int(\startangle-360/\numpoly+360)}% |
| 303 | + \let\endtangle=\pgfmathresult |
| 304 | +%--- nodes |
| 305 | + \foreach \i [count=\ii from 1] in {\startangle,\nextangle,...,\endtangle} |
| 306 | +\path (\i:\pradious) node (p\ii) {\ii}; |
| 307 | +%--- interconnections |
| 308 | + \foreach \x in {1,...,\numpoly} |
| 309 | + \foreach \y in {\x,...,\numpoly} |
| 310 | +\draw (p\y) -- (p\x); |
| 311 | + \end{tikzpicture} |
| 312 | +\end{document} |
| 313 | +``` |
| 314 | + |
232 | 315 | --- |
233 | 316 | # 案例 |
234 | 317 | ## 2D |
@@ -762,7 +845,104 @@ child {node {$y$}} |
762 | 845 | ``` |
763 | 846 |
|
764 | 847 |
|
| 848 | +## Automaton |
| 849 | + |
| 850 | +### tikz绘制自动机的状态转移图示例: |
| 851 | + |
| 852 | +```tikz |
| 853 | +\usepackage{tikz} |
| 854 | +
|
| 855 | +\begin{document} |
| 856 | +\begin{tikzpicture} |
| 857 | +
|
| 858 | + % 定义状态 |
| 859 | + \node (p0) at (0, 0) [circle, draw, double] {$p_0$}; % 接受状态 |
| 860 | + \node (p1) at (3, 0) [circle, draw] {$p_1$}; |
| 861 | + \node (p2) at (3, -3) [circle, draw] {$p_2$}; |
| 862 | + \node (p3) at (0, -3) [circle, draw] {$p_3$}; |
| 863 | +
|
| 864 | + % 转移路径 |
| 865 | + \draw[->] (p0) to[loop above] node {0} (); |
| 866 | + \draw[->] (p0) to[bend left] node[midway, above] {1} (p1); |
| 867 | + \draw[->] (p0) to[bend left=15] node[midway, right] {2} (p2); |
| 868 | + \draw[->] (p0) to[bend right] node[midway, left] {3} (p3); |
| 869 | +
|
| 870 | + \draw[->] (p1) to[loop above] node {0} (); |
| 871 | + \draw[->] (p1) to[bend left] node[midway, right] {1} (p2); |
| 872 | + \draw[->] (p1) to[bend left=15] node[midway, right] {2} (p3); |
| 873 | + \draw[->] (p1) to[bend right] node[midway, above] {3} (p0); |
| 874 | +
|
| 875 | + \draw[->] (p2) to[loop below] node {0} (); |
| 876 | + \draw[->] (p2) to[bend left] node[midway, below] {1} (p3); |
| 877 | + \draw[->] (p2) to[bend left=15] node[midway, left] {2} (p0); |
| 878 | + \draw[->] (p2) to[bend right] node[midway, right] {3} (p1); |
| 879 | +
|
| 880 | + \draw[->] (p3) to[loop below] node {0} (); |
| 881 | + \draw[->] (p3) to[bend left] node[midway, left] {1} (p0); |
| 882 | + \draw[->] (p3) to[bend left=15] node[midway, left] {2} (p1); |
| 883 | + \draw[->] (p3) to[bend right] node[midway, below] {3} (p2); |
| 884 | +
|
| 885 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 886 | +\end{document} |
| 887 | +``` |
| 888 | +### 多边形 |
| 889 | +```tikz |
| 890 | +\usepackage{tikz} |
| 891 | +
|
| 892 | +\begin{document} |
| 893 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[mystyle/.style={draw, shape=circle, text=white, minimum size=6mm} |
| 894 | +] |
| 895 | +
|
| 896 | +% Define the center of the pentagon |
| 897 | +\coordinate (center) at (0, 0); |
765 | 898 |
|
| 899 | +% Define nodes at equal angles around the center |
| 900 | +\foreach \i in {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} { |
| 901 | + \node[mystyle] (q\i) at ({72*\i-72}:2cm) {$q_{\i}$}; % 72° spacing for pentagon |
| 902 | +} |
| 903 | +
|
| 904 | +% Draw transitions between nodes |
| 905 | +\foreach \i [evaluate={\j=int(mod(\i,5)+1)}] in {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} { |
| 906 | + \draw[->] (q\i) -- (q\j); % Connect nodes in a closed loop |
| 907 | +} |
| 908 | +
|
| 909 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 910 | +\end{document} |
| 911 | +
|
| 912 | +``` |
| 913 | + |
| 914 | +### example |
| 915 | +```tikz |
| 916 | +\usepackage{tikz} |
| 917 | +
|
| 918 | +\begin{document} |
| 919 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[->, shorten >=1pt, auto, node distance=1.5cm, thick] |
| 920 | +
|
| 921 | + % Define the states |
| 922 | + \node (q2) at (180:1.5cm) [circle, draw, double] {$q_2$}; % q2 at 180° (leftmost point) |
| 923 | +
|
| 924 | + % Define the pentagon nodes using polar coordinates around q2 |
| 925 | + \foreach \i in {1, 2, 3, 4} { |
| 926 | + \node (q\the\numexpr\i+2\relax) at ({180 - 72*\i}:1.5cm) [circle, draw] {$q_{\the\numexpr\i+2\relax}$}; |
| 927 | + } |
| 928 | + \node (q1) [circle, draw, left of=q2] {$q_1$}; |
| 929 | + \node (q0) [circle, draw, left of=q1] {$q_0$}; |
| 930 | +
|
| 931 | + % Draw the transitions |
| 932 | + \path (q0) edge node {0} (q1) |
| 933 | + (q1) edge node {0} (q2) |
| 934 | + (q2) edge node {0} (q3) |
| 935 | + (q3) edge node {0} (q4) |
| 936 | + (q4) edge node {0} (q5) |
| 937 | + (q5) edge node {0} (q6) |
| 938 | + (q6) edge node {0} (q2); |
| 939 | +
|
| 940 | + % Start state arrow |
| 941 | + \draw[->] (-5.5, -1) -- (q0); |
| 942 | +
|
| 943 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 944 | +\end{document} |
| 945 | +``` |
766 | 946 |
|
767 | 947 |
|
768 | 948 | --- |
|
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