Add MultiAgentScheduling algorithm (#5816)

Author: Hardvan

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@
             * [JobSchedulingWithDeadline](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadline.java)
             * [LotteryScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/LotteryScheduling.java)
             * [MLFQScheduler](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MLFQScheduler.java)
+            * [MultiAgentScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MultiAgentScheduling.java)
             * [NonPreemptivePriorityScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/NonPreemptivePriorityScheduling.java)
             * [PreemptivePriorityScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java)
             * [RRScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/RRScheduling.java)
@@ -1131,6 +1132,7 @@
             * [JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest.java)
             * [LotterySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/LotterySchedulingTest.java)
             * [MLFQSchedulerTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MLFQSchedulerTest.java)
+            * [MultiAgentSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MultiAgentSchedulingTest.java)
             * [NonPreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/NonPreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest.java)
             * [PreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest.java)
             * [RRSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/RRSchedulingTest.java)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MultiAgentScheduling.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.scheduling;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * MultiAgentScheduling assigns tasks to different autonomous agents
+ * who independently decide the execution order of their assigned tasks.
+ * The focus is on collaboration between agents to optimize the overall schedule.
+ *
+ * Use Case: Distributed scheduling in decentralized systems like IoT networks.
+ *
+ * @author Hardvan
+ */
+public class MultiAgentScheduling {
+
+    static class Agent {
+        String name;
+        List<String> tasks;
+
+        Agent(String name) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.tasks = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        void addTask(String task) {
+            tasks.add(task);
+        }
+
+        List<String> getTasks() {
+            return tasks;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Map<String, Agent> agents;
+
+    public MultiAgentScheduling() {
+        agents = new HashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    public void addAgent(String agentName) {
+        agents.putIfAbsent(agentName, new Agent(agentName));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assign a task to a specific agent.
+     *
+     * @param agentName the name of the agent
+     * @param task      the task to be assigned
+     */
+    public void assignTask(String agentName, String task) {
+        Agent agent = agents.get(agentName);
+        if (agent != null) {
+            agent.addTask(task);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the scheduled tasks for each agent.
+     *
+     * @return a map of agent names to their scheduled tasks
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<String>> getScheduledTasks() {
+        Map<String, List<String>> schedule = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Agent agent : agents.values()) {
+            schedule.put(agent.name, agent.getTasks());
+        }
+        return schedule;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MultiAgentSchedulingTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.scheduling;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class MultiAgentSchedulingTest {
+
+    private MultiAgentScheduling scheduler;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setup() {
+        scheduler = new MultiAgentScheduling();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddAgentAndAssignTask() {
+        scheduler.addAgent("Agent1");
+        scheduler.assignTask("Agent1", "Task1");
+        Map<String, List<String>> expected = Map.of("Agent1", List.of("Task1"));
+        assertEquals(expected, scheduler.getScheduledTasks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleAgentsWithTasks() {
+        scheduler.addAgent("Agent1");
+        scheduler.addAgent("Agent2");
+        scheduler.assignTask("Agent1", "Task1");
+        scheduler.assignTask("Agent2", "Task2");
+        Map<String, List<String>> expected = Map.of("Agent1", List.of("Task1"), "Agent2", List.of("Task2"));
+        assertEquals(expected, scheduler.getScheduledTasks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAgentWithMultipleTasks() {
+        scheduler.addAgent("Agent1");
+        scheduler.assignTask("Agent1", "Task1");
+        scheduler.assignTask("Agent1", "Task2");
+        Map<String, List<String>> expected = Map.of("Agent1", List.of("Task1", "Task2"));
+        assertEquals(expected, scheduler.getScheduledTasks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyAgentSchedule() {
+        scheduler.addAgent("Agent1");
+        Map<String, List<String>> expected = Map.of("Agent1", List.of());
+        assertEquals(expected, scheduler.getScheduledTasks());
+    }
+}