doc(test): add draft doc of zone-testing

Author: JiaLiPassion

doc/design/TEST.md

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+# Zone Testing
+
+`zone.js` has a `zone-testing.js` bundle, which provides a lot of functionalities for testing.
+include:
+
+1. FakeAsyncTestZoneSpec: simulate system timer to make `async` test faster and stable.
+2. AsyncTestZoneSpec: automatically wait for all async tasks to finish.
+3. SyncTestZoneSpec: force all tests to be synchronized.
+4. Jasmine/Mocha/Jest supports.
+
+## FakeAsyncTestZoneSpec <TBD>
+
+Add `fakeAsync` document later.
+
+## AsyncTestZoneSpec <TBD>
+
+Add `async` document later.
+
+## SyncTestZoneSpec <TBD>
+
+Add `sync` document later.
+
+## Unify jasmine/mocha/jest
+
+`zone-testing` support `jasmine` and `mocha` runner, when `zone-testing` is loaded, it will detect current test environment(jasmine or mocha) and monkey-patch current runner accordingly. For detail, please check this document [test runner](./TEST_RUNNER.md).

doc/design/TEST_RUNNER.md

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+# Test Runner
+
+`zone-testing` monkey-patch `jasmine` and `mocha` runner to provide the following functionalities.
+
+1. All `describe/xdescribe/fdescribe` are guaranteed to run in `SyncTestZone`, so no `async` code are allowed under `describe` directly.
+
+```javascript
+describe('test', () => {
+  // setTimeout(() => {}, 100); // not allowed
+});
+```
+
+2. Support `fakeAsync` in `test`.
+
+```javascript
+import 'zone.js`;
+import 'zone.js/dist/zone-testing`;
+// TODO: this is too complex to load fakeAsyncTest, should expose as global function.
+const {resetFakeAsyncZone, flushMicrotasks, discardPeriodicTasks, tick, flush, fakeAsync} = (Zone as any)[Zone.__symbol__('fakeAsyncTest')];
+
+// support simulate timer function.
+describe('fakeAsync', () => {
+  it('setTimeout', fakeAsync(() => {
+    let called = false;
+    setTimeout(() => {called = true}, 100);
+    expect(called).toBe(false);
+    tick(100);
+    expect(called).toBe(true);
+  }));
+
+  it ('Promise', fakeAsync(() => {
+    let thenRan = false;
+    Promise.resolve(null).then((_) => {
+      thenRan = true;
+    });
+
+    expect(thenRan).toEqual(false);
+    flushMicrotasks();
+    expect(thenRan).toEqual(true);
+  }));
+});
+```
+
+Will add more examples later.
+
+3. support `asyncTest`.
+
+```javascript
+import 'zone.js`;
+import 'zone.js/dist/zone-testing`;
+// TODO: this is too complex to load asyncTest, should expose as global function.
+const asyncTest = (Zone as any)[Zone.__symbol__('asyncTest')];
+
+describe('async', () => {
+  it('setTimeout and Promise', asyncTest(() => { // don't need to provide doneFn here.
+    let timeoutCalled = false;
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      timeoutCalled = true;
+    }, 100);
+    let thenRan = false;
+    Promise.resolve(null).then((_) => {
+      thenRan = true;
+    });
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      expect(timeoutCalled).toBe(true);
+      expect(thenRan).toBe(true);
+    }, 200);
+  }));
+});
+```
+
+Will add more examples later.
+
+4. Date.now/jasmine.clock()/rxjs.Scheduler support in fakeAsync.
+
+```javascript
+describe('fakeAsync', () => {
+  it('setTimeout', fakeAsync(() => {
+     const start = Date.now();
+     testZoneSpec.tick(100);
+     const end = Date.now();
+     expect(end - start).toBe(100);
+  }));
+});
+
+// NOTE: automatically fall into fakeAsync need to set this flag to true before loading zone-testing
+// (window as any).__zone_symbol__fakeAsyncPatchLock = true;
+describe('jasmine.clock', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jasmine.clock().install();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jasmine.clock().uninstall();
+  });
+
+  it('should get date diff correctly', () => {  // we don't need fakeAsync here.
+    // automatically run into fake async zone, because jasmine.clock() is installed.
+    const start = Date.now();
+    jasmine.clock().tick(100);
+    const end = Date.now();
+    expect(end - start).toBe(100);
+  });
+});
+
+// import the following files to patch Date.now of rxjs.Scheduler/rxjs.asap/rxjs.async
+import 'zone.js/dist/zone-patch-rxjs-fakeAsync';
+
+describe('fakeAsync', () => {
+  it('should get date diff correctly', fakeAsync(() => {
+    let result = null;
+    const observable = new Observable((subscribe: any) => {
+      subscribe.next('hello');
+    });
+    observable.delay(1000).subscribe(v => {
+      result = v;
+    });
+    expect(result).toBeNull();
+    testZoneSpec.tick(1000);
+    expect(result).toBe('hello');
+  });
+});
+```
+
+5. Unify `jasmine/mocha/jest` test cases in `Mocha` runner.
+
+You can write `jasmine`, `mocha`, `jest` style test cases when you use `Mocha` runner.
+You can use `jasmine spy` inside `mocha` cases, you can also use `jest style expect and mock`.
+
+```javascript
+describe('mixed', () => {
+  // jasmine style beforeAll
+  beforeAll(() => {});
+
+  // mocha style setup
+  setup(() => {});
+
+  it('jasmine style', () => {
+    expect(true).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  // mocha specify
+  specify('mocha style', () => {
+    foo = {
+      setBar: function(value: any) {
+        bar = value;
+      }
+    };
+
+    spyOn(foo, 'setBar').and.callThrough();
+    foo.setBar(123);
+    expect(bar).toEqual(123);
+  });
+
+  test('jest style', () => {
+    // TODO: will add type definition later.
+    (expect([1, 2, 3]) as any).toHaveLength(3);
+    // can handle promise with jest expect.resolves
+    return (expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')) as any).resolves.toBe('lemon');
+  });
+
+  test('jest mock', () => {
+    // can support jest.mock
+    const myMockFn = jest.fn(() => 'default')
+                   .mockImplementationOnce(() => 'first call')
+                   .mockImplementationOnce(() => 'second call');
+
+    // 'first call', 'second call', 'default', 'default'
+    logs.push(myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn());
+    expect(logs).toEqual(['first call', 'second call', 'default', 'default']);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+For full examples, you can find in [jasmine](../../test/spec/mocha/jasmine-bridge.spec.ts) and [jest](../../test/spec/jest-bridge.spec.ts)
+
+And here is the mapping about which `jasmine/jest` functionalities are supported inside `Mocha` runner.
+
+1. BDD/TDD interface.
+
+| jasmine | mocha | jest |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| beforeAll | before | beforeAll |
+| afterAll | after | beforeAll |
+| xdescribe | describe.skip | describe.skip |
+| fdescribe | describe.only | describe.only |
+| xit | it.skip | it.skip |
+| fit | it.only | it.only |
+
+And of course you can use `setup/suiteSetup/tearDown/suiteTearDown` in Mocha.
+
+2. jasmine.clock
+You can use `jasmine.clock` inside `Mocha` runner. And you can also use the `auto fakeAsync` feature.
+
+3. jasmine.spy
+In Mocha, no built-in spy lib is provided, you can still use 3rd party spy library, with `zone-testing`, you can use `jasmine spy`, you can use `jasmine.createSpy, jasmine.createSpyObj, spyOn, spyOnProperty` to create `jasmine style spy`. And you can also use all `spy strategy` such as `callThough/callFake/...`
+
+4. jest mock
+Not only `jasmine spy`, you can also use `jest mock`, You can use `jest.fn` to create `jest style mock`. And you can also use the `jest mockFn method` such as `mochFn.mockReturnValue`.
+
+5. jasmine expect
+In Mocha, there is no built in `expect` lib, you can still use 3rd party `assert/expect` lib, with `zone-testing`, you can use `jasmine expect mathers`.
+
+  - nothing
+  - toBe
+  - toBeCloseTo
+  - toEqual
+  - toBeGreaterThan
+  - toBeGreaterThanOrEqual
+  - toBeLessThan
+  - toBeLessThanOrEqual
+  - toBeDefined
+  - toBeNaN
+  - toBeNegativeInfinity
+  - toBeNull
+  - toBePositiveInfinity
+  - toBeUndefined
+  - toThrow
+  - toThrowError
+  - toBeTruthy
+  - toBeFalsy
+  - toContain
+  - toHaveBeenCalled
+  - toHaveBeenCalledWith
+  - toMatch
+  - not
+
+You can also add customMatchers and customEqualityTesters.
+
+6. Jest mock
+And you can also get `jest expect matchers`.
+
+  - toBeCalled
+  - toBeCalledWith
+  - toHaveBeenCalledTimes
+  - lastCalledWith
+  - toHaveBeenLastCalledWith
+  - toBeInstanceOf
+  - toContainEqual
+  - toHaveLength
+  - toHaveProperty
+  - toMatchObject
+
+And `expect util method`.
+
+  - expect.anything
+  - expect.any
+  - expect.arrayContaining
+  - expect.objectContaining
+  - expect.stringContaining
+  - expect.stringMatching
+  - expect.extend
+  - expect.assertions
+  - expect.hasAssertions
+  - expect.resolves (Promise)
+  - expect.rejects (Promise)