src/node_crypto.cc

// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

#include "node.h"
#include "node_buffer.h"
#include "node_errors.h"
#include "node_constants.h"
#include "node_crypto.h"
#include "node_crypto_bio.h"
#include "node_crypto_groups.h"
#include "node_crypto_clienthello-inl.h"
#include "node_mutex.h"
#include "node_internals.h"
#include "tls_wrap.h"  // TLSWrap

#include "async_wrap-inl.h"
#include "env-inl.h"
#include "string_bytes.h"
#include "util-inl.h"
#include "v8.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>  // INT_MAX
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

static const char PUBLIC_KEY_PFX[] =  "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----";
static const int PUBLIC_KEY_PFX_LEN = sizeof(PUBLIC_KEY_PFX) - 1;
static const char PUBRSA_KEY_PFX[] =  "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----";
static const int PUBRSA_KEY_PFX_LEN = sizeof(PUBRSA_KEY_PFX) - 1;
static const char CERTIFICATE_PFX[] =  "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
static const int CERTIFICATE_PFX_LEN = sizeof(CERTIFICATE_PFX) - 1;

static const int X509_NAME_FLAGS = ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL
                                 | ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT
                                 | XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE
                                 | XN_FLAG_FN_SN;

namespace node {
namespace crypto {

using v8::Array;
using v8::Boolean;
using v8::Context;
using v8::DEFAULT;
using v8::DontDelete;
using v8::EscapableHandleScope;
using v8::Exception;
using v8::External;
using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::HandleScope;
using v8::Integer;
using v8::Isolate;
using v8::Local;
using v8::Maybe;
using v8::MaybeLocal;
using v8::Null;
using v8::Object;
using v8::ObjectTemplate;
using v8::PropertyAttribute;
using v8::ReadOnly;
using v8::Signature;
using v8::String;
using v8::Value;


struct StackOfX509Deleter {
  void operator()(STACK_OF(X509)* p) const { sk_X509_pop_free(p, X509_free); }
};

using StackOfX509 = std::unique_ptr<STACK_OF(X509), StackOfX509Deleter>;

static const char* const root_certs[] = {
#include "node_root_certs.h"  // NOLINT(build/include_order)
};

static const char system_cert_path[] = NODE_OPENSSL_SYSTEM_CERT_PATH;

static std::string extra_root_certs_file;  // NOLINT(runtime/string)

static X509_STORE* root_cert_store;

// Just to generate static methods
template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::AddMethods(Environment* env,
                                           Local<FunctionTemplate> t);
template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::ConfigureSecureContext(SecureContext* sc);
template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::SetSNIContext(SecureContext* sc);
template int SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::SetCACerts(SecureContext* sc);
template SSL_SESSION* SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::GetSessionCallback(
    SSL* s,
    const unsigned char* key,
    int len,
    int* copy);
template int SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::NewSessionCallback(SSL* s,
                                                  SSL_SESSION* sess);
template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::OnClientHello(
    void* arg,
    const ClientHelloParser::ClientHello& hello);

#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
template int SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::TLSExtStatusCallback(SSL* s, void* arg);
#endif

template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::DestroySSL();
template int SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::SSLCertCallback(SSL* s, void* arg);
template void SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::WaitForCertCb(CertCb cb, void* arg);

#ifdef TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
template int SSLWrap<TLSWrap>::SelectALPNCallback(
    SSL* s,
    const unsigned char** out,
    unsigned char* outlen,
    const unsigned char* in,
    unsigned int inlen,
    void* arg);
#endif  // TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation


static int PasswordCallback(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u) {
  if (u) {
    size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);
    size_t len = strlen(static_cast<const char*>(u));
    len = len > buflen ? buflen : len;
    memcpy(buf, u, len);
    return len;
  }

  return 0;
}

// Loads OpenSSL engine by engine id and returns it. The loaded engine
// gets a reference so remember the corresponding call to ENGINE_free.
// In case of error the appropriate js exception is scheduled
// and nullptr is returned.
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
static ENGINE* LoadEngineById(const char* engine_id, char (*errmsg)[1024]) {
  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  ENGINE* engine = ENGINE_by_id(engine_id);

  if (engine == nullptr) {
    // Engine not found, try loading dynamically.
    engine = ENGINE_by_id("dynamic");
    if (engine != nullptr) {
      if (!ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "SO_PATH", engine_id, 0) ||
          !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "LOAD", nullptr, 0)) {
        ENGINE_free(engine);
        engine = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }

  if (engine == nullptr) {
    int err = ERR_get_error();
    if (err != 0) {
      ERR_error_string_n(err, *errmsg, sizeof(*errmsg));
    } else {
      snprintf(*errmsg, sizeof(*errmsg),
               "Engine \"%s\" was not found", engine_id);
    }
  }

  return engine;
}
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE

// This callback is used to avoid the default passphrase callback in OpenSSL
// which will typically prompt for the passphrase. The prompting is designed
// for the OpenSSL CLI, but works poorly for Node.js because it involves
// synchronous interaction with the controlling terminal, something we never
// want, and use this function to avoid it.
static int NoPasswordCallback(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u) {
  return 0;
}


void ThrowCryptoError(Environment* env,
                      unsigned long err,  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
                      const char* default_message = nullptr) {
  HandleScope scope(env->isolate());
  Local<String> message;

  if (err != 0 || default_message == nullptr) {
    char errmsg[128] = { 0 };
    ERR_error_string_n(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
    message = String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), errmsg,
                                  v8::NewStringType::kNormal)
                                      .ToLocalChecked();
  } else {
    message = String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), default_message,
                                  v8::NewStringType::kNormal)
                                      .ToLocalChecked();
  }

  Local<Value> exception_v = Exception::Error(message);
  CHECK(!exception_v.IsEmpty());
  Local<Object> exception = exception_v.As<Object>();

  std::vector<Local<String>> errors;
  for (;;) {
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    if (err == 0) {
      break;
    }
    char tmp_str[256];
    ERR_error_string_n(err, tmp_str, sizeof(tmp_str));
    errors.push_back(String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), tmp_str,
                                         v8::NewStringType::kNormal)
                     .ToLocalChecked());
  }

  // ERR_get_error returns errors in order of most specific to least
  // specific. We wish to have the reverse ordering:
  // opensslErrorStack: [
  // 'error:0906700D:PEM routines:PEM_ASN1_read_bio:ASN1 lib',
  // 'error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 err'
  // ]
  if (!errors.empty()) {
    std::reverse(errors.begin(), errors.end());
    Local<Array> errors_array = Array::New(env->isolate(), errors.size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
      errors_array->Set(env->context(), i, errors[i]).FromJust();
    }
    exception->Set(env->context(), env->openssl_error_stack(), errors_array)
        .FromJust();
  }

  env->isolate()->ThrowException(exception);
}


// Ensure that OpenSSL has enough entropy (at least 256 bits) for its PRNG.
// The entropy pool starts out empty and needs to fill up before the PRNG
// can be used securely.  Once the pool is filled, it never dries up again;
// its contents is stirred and reused when necessary.
//
// OpenSSL normally fills the pool automatically but not when someone starts
// generating random numbers before the pool is full: in that case OpenSSL
// keeps lowering the entropy estimate to thwart attackers trying to guess
// the initial state of the PRNG.
//
// When that happens, we will have to wait until enough entropy is available.
// That should normally never take longer than a few milliseconds.
//
// OpenSSL draws from /dev/random and /dev/urandom.  While /dev/random may
// block pending "true" randomness, /dev/urandom is a CSPRNG that doesn't
// block under normal circumstances.
//
// The only time when /dev/urandom may conceivably block is right after boot,
// when the whole system is still low on entropy.  That's not something we can
// do anything about.
inline void CheckEntropy() {
  for (;;) {
    int status = RAND_status();
    CHECK_GE(status, 0);  // Cannot fail.
    if (status != 0)
      break;

    // Give up, RAND_poll() not supported.
    if (RAND_poll() == 0)
      break;
  }
}


bool EntropySource(unsigned char* buffer, size_t length) {
  // Ensure that OpenSSL's PRNG is properly seeded.
  CheckEntropy();
  // RAND_bytes() can return 0 to indicate that the entropy data is not truly
  // random. That's okay, it's still better than V8's stock source of entropy,
  // which is /dev/urandom on UNIX platforms and the current time on Windows.
  return RAND_bytes(buffer, length) != -1;
}


void SecureContext::Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(SecureContext::New);
  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);
  Local<String> secureContextString =
      FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "SecureContext");
  t->SetClassName(secureContextString);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", Init);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setKey", SetKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setCert", SetCert);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "addCACert", AddCACert);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "addCRL", AddCRL);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "addRootCerts", AddRootCerts);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setCiphers", SetCiphers);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setECDHCurve", SetECDHCurve);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setDHParam", SetDHParam);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setOptions", SetOptions);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setSessionIdContext", SetSessionIdContext);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setSessionTimeout", SetSessionTimeout);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "close", Close);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "loadPKCS12", LoadPKCS12);
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setClientCertEngine", SetClientCertEngine);
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getTicketKeys", GetTicketKeys);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setTicketKeys", SetTicketKeys);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setFreeListLength", SetFreeListLength);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "enableTicketKeyCallback", EnableTicketKeyCallback);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getCertificate", GetCertificate<true>);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getIssuer", GetCertificate<false>);

  t->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "kTicketKeyReturnIndex"),
         Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), kTicketKeyReturnIndex));
  t->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "kTicketKeyHMACIndex"),
         Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), kTicketKeyHMACIndex));
  t->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "kTicketKeyAESIndex"),
         Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), kTicketKeyAESIndex));
  t->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "kTicketKeyNameIndex"),
         Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), kTicketKeyNameIndex));
  t->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "kTicketKeyIVIndex"),
         Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), kTicketKeyIVIndex));

  Local<FunctionTemplate> ctx_getter_templ =
      FunctionTemplate::New(env->isolate(),
                            CtxGetter,
                            env->as_external(),
                            Signature::New(env->isolate(), t));


  t->PrototypeTemplate()->SetAccessorProperty(
      FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "_external"),
      ctx_getter_templ,
      Local<FunctionTemplate>(),
      static_cast<PropertyAttribute>(ReadOnly | DontDelete));

  target->Set(secureContextString, t->GetFunction());
  env->set_secure_context_constructor_template(t);
}


void SecureContext::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new SecureContext(env, args.This());
}


void SecureContext::Init(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = sc->env();

  int min_version = 0;
  int max_version = 0;
  const SSL_METHOD* method = TLS_method();

  if (args.Length() == 1 && args[0]->IsString()) {
    const node::Utf8Value sslmethod(env->isolate(), args[0]);

    // Note that SSLv2 and SSLv3 are disallowed but SSLv23_method and friends
    // are still accepted.  They are OpenSSL's way of saying that all known
    // protocols are supported unless explicitly disabled (which we do below
    // for SSLv2 and SSLv3.)
    if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv2_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv2 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv2_server_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv2 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv2_client_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv2 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv3_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv3 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv3_server_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv3 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv3_client_method") == 0) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSLv3 methods disabled");
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv23_method") == 0) {
      method = TLS_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv23_server_method") == 0) {
      method = TLS_server_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "SSLv23_client_method") == 0) {
      method = TLS_client_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_server_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_server_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_client_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_client_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_1_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_1_server_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_server_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_1_client_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_1_VERSION;
      method = TLS_client_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_2_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      method = TLS_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_2_server_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      method = TLS_server_method();
    } else if (strcmp(*sslmethod, "TLSv1_2_client_method") == 0) {
      min_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      max_version = TLS1_2_VERSION;
      method = TLS_client_method();
    } else {
      return env->ThrowError("Unknown method");
    }
  }

  sc->ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(method);
  SSL_CTX_set_app_data(sc->ctx_, sc);

  // Disable SSLv2 in the case when method == TLS_method() and the
  // cipher list contains SSLv2 ciphers (not the default, should be rare.)
  // The bundled OpenSSL doesn't have SSLv2 support but the system OpenSSL may.
  // SSLv3 is disabled because it's susceptible to downgrade attacks (POODLE.)
  SSL_CTX_set_options(sc->ctx_, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
  SSL_CTX_set_options(sc->ctx_, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3);

  // SSL session cache configuration
  SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(sc->ctx_,
                                 SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER |
                                 SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL |
                                 SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR);

  SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(sc->ctx_, min_version);
  SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(sc->ctx_, max_version);
  // OpenSSL 1.1.0 changed the ticket key size, but the OpenSSL 1.0.x size was
  // exposed in the public API. To retain compatibility, install a callback
  // which restores the old algorithm.
  if (RAND_bytes(sc->ticket_key_name_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_name_)) <= 0 ||
      RAND_bytes(sc->ticket_key_hmac_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_hmac_)) <= 0 ||
      RAND_bytes(sc->ticket_key_aes_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_aes_)) <= 0) {
    return env->ThrowError("Error generating ticket keys");
  }
  SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb(sc->ctx_,
                                   SecureContext::TicketCompatibilityCallback);
}


// Takes a string or buffer and loads it into a BIO.
// Caller responsible for BIO_free_all-ing the returned object.
static BIO* LoadBIO(Environment* env, Local<Value> v) {
  HandleScope scope(env->isolate());

  if (v->IsString()) {
    const node::Utf8Value s(env->isolate(), v);
    return NodeBIO::NewFixed(*s, s.length());
  }

  if (Buffer::HasInstance(v)) {
    return NodeBIO::NewFixed(Buffer::Data(v), Buffer::Length(v));
  }

  return nullptr;
}


void SecureContext::SetKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  unsigned int len = args.Length();
  if (len < 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Private key argument is mandatory");
  }

  if (len > 2) {
    return env->ThrowError("Only private key and pass phrase are expected");
  }

  if (len == 2) {
    if (args[1]->IsUndefined() || args[1]->IsNull())
      len = 1;
    else
      THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[1], "Pass phrase");
  }

  BIO *bio = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (!bio)
    return;

  node::Utf8Value passphrase(env->isolate(), args[1]);

  EVP_PKEY* key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio,
                                          nullptr,
                                          PasswordCallback,
                                          len == 1 ? nullptr : *passphrase);

  if (!key) {
    BIO_free_all(bio);
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    if (!err) {
      return env->ThrowError("PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey");
    }
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
  }

  int rv = SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(sc->ctx_, key);
  EVP_PKEY_free(key);
  BIO_free_all(bio);

  if (!rv) {
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    if (!err)
      return env->ThrowError("SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
  }
}


int SSL_CTX_get_issuer(SSL_CTX* ctx, X509* cert, X509** issuer) {
  X509_STORE* store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx);
  X509_STORE_CTX* store_ctx = X509_STORE_CTX_new();
  int ret = store_ctx != nullptr &&
            X509_STORE_CTX_init(store_ctx, store, nullptr, nullptr) == 1 &&
            X509_STORE_CTX_get1_issuer(issuer, store_ctx, cert) == 1;
  X509_STORE_CTX_free(store_ctx);
  return ret;
}


int SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(SSL_CTX* ctx,
                                  X509* x,
                                  STACK_OF(X509)* extra_certs,
                                  X509** cert,
                                  X509** issuer) {
  CHECK_EQ(*issuer, nullptr);
  CHECK_EQ(*cert, nullptr);

  int ret = SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, x);

  if (ret) {
    // If we could set up our certificate, now proceed to
    // the CA certificates.
    int r;

    SSL_CTX_clear_extra_chain_certs(ctx);

    for (int i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(extra_certs); i++) {
      X509* ca = sk_X509_value(extra_certs, i);

      // NOTE: Increments reference count on `ca`
      r = SSL_CTX_add1_chain_cert(ctx, ca);

      if (!r) {
        ret = 0;
        *issuer = nullptr;
        goto end;
      }
      // Note that we must not free r if it was successfully
      // added to the chain (while we must free the main
      // certificate, since its reference count is increased
      // by SSL_CTX_use_certificate).

      // Find issuer
      if (*issuer != nullptr || X509_check_issued(ca, x) != X509_V_OK)
        continue;

      *issuer = ca;
    }
  }

  // Try getting issuer from a cert store
  if (ret) {
    if (*issuer == nullptr) {
      ret = SSL_CTX_get_issuer(ctx, x, issuer);
      ret = ret < 0 ? 0 : 1;
      // NOTE: get_cert_store doesn't increment reference count,
      // no need to free `store`
    } else {
      // Increment issuer reference count
      *issuer = X509_dup(*issuer);
      if (*issuer == nullptr) {
        ret = 0;
        goto end;
      }
    }
  }

 end:
  if (ret && x != nullptr) {
    *cert = X509_dup(x);
    if (*cert == nullptr)
      ret = 0;
  }
  return ret;
}


// Read a file that contains our certificate in "PEM" format,
// possibly followed by a sequence of CA certificates that should be
// sent to the peer in the Certificate message.
//
// Taken from OpenSSL - edited for style.
int SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(SSL_CTX* ctx,
                                  BIO* in,
                                  X509** cert,
                                  X509** issuer) {
  X509* x = nullptr;

  // Just to ensure that `ERR_peek_last_error` below will return only errors
  // that we are interested in
  ERR_clear_error();

  x = PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(in, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);

  if (x == nullptr) {
    return 0;
  }

  X509* extra = nullptr;
  int ret = 0;
  unsigned long err = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)

  StackOfX509 extra_certs(sk_X509_new_null());
  if (!extra_certs)
    goto done;

  while ((extra = PEM_read_bio_X509(in,
                                    nullptr,
                                    NoPasswordCallback,
                                    nullptr))) {
    if (sk_X509_push(extra_certs.get(), extra))
      continue;

    // Failure, free all certs
    goto done;
  }
  extra = nullptr;

  // When the while loop ends, it's usually just EOF.
  err = ERR_peek_last_error();
  if (ERR_GET_LIB(err) == ERR_LIB_PEM &&
      ERR_GET_REASON(err) == PEM_R_NO_START_LINE) {
    ERR_clear_error();
  } else  {
    // some real error
    goto done;
  }

  ret = SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(ctx, x, extra_certs.get(), cert, issuer);
  if (!ret)
    goto done;

 done:
  if (extra != nullptr)
    X509_free(extra);
  if (x != nullptr)
    X509_free(x);

  return ret;
}


void SecureContext::SetCert(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Certificate argument is mandatory");
  }

  BIO* bio = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (!bio)
    return;

  // Free previous certs
  if (sc->issuer_ != nullptr) {
    X509_free(sc->issuer_);
    sc->issuer_ = nullptr;
  }
  if (sc->cert_ != nullptr) {
    X509_free(sc->cert_);
    sc->cert_ = nullptr;
  }

  int rv = SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(sc->ctx_,
                                         bio,
                                         &sc->cert_,
                                         &sc->issuer_);

  BIO_free_all(bio);

  if (!rv) {
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    if (!err) {
      return env->ThrowError("SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain");
    }
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
  }
}


static X509_STORE* NewRootCertStore() {
  static std::vector<X509*> root_certs_vector;
  if (root_certs_vector.empty()) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(root_certs); i++) {
      BIO* bp = NodeBIO::NewFixed(root_certs[i], strlen(root_certs[i]));
      X509 *x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);
      BIO_free(bp);

      // Parse errors from the built-in roots are fatal.
      CHECK_NE(x509, nullptr);

      root_certs_vector.push_back(x509);
    }
  }

  X509_STORE* store = X509_STORE_new();
  if (*system_cert_path != '\0') {
    X509_STORE_load_locations(store, system_cert_path, nullptr);
  }
  if (ssl_openssl_cert_store) {
    X509_STORE_set_default_paths(store);
  } else {
    for (X509 *cert : root_certs_vector) {
      X509_up_ref(cert);
      X509_STORE_add_cert(store, cert);
    }
  }

  return store;
}


void SecureContext::AddCACert(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "CA certificate argument is mandatory");
  }

  BIO* bio = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (!bio) {
    return;
  }

  X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(sc->ctx_);
  while (X509* x509 =
             PEM_read_bio_X509(bio, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr)) {
    if (cert_store == root_cert_store) {
      cert_store = NewRootCertStore();
      SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(sc->ctx_, cert_store);
    }
    X509_STORE_add_cert(cert_store, x509);
    SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(sc->ctx_, x509);
    X509_free(x509);
  }

  BIO_free_all(bio);
}


void SecureContext::AddCRL(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "CRL argument is mandatory");
  }

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  BIO *bio = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (!bio)
    return;

  X509_CRL* crl =
      PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL(bio, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);

  if (crl == nullptr) {
    BIO_free_all(bio);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to parse CRL");
  }

  X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(sc->ctx_);
  if (cert_store == root_cert_store) {
    cert_store = NewRootCertStore();
    SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(sc->ctx_, cert_store);
  }

  X509_STORE_add_crl(cert_store, crl);
  X509_STORE_set_flags(cert_store,
                       X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK | X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL);

  BIO_free_all(bio);
  X509_CRL_free(crl);
}


void UseExtraCaCerts(const std::string& file) {
  extra_root_certs_file = file;
}


static unsigned long AddCertsFromFile(  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    X509_STORE* store,
    const char* file) {
  ERR_clear_error();
  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  BIO* bio = BIO_new_file(file, "r");
  if (!bio) {
    return ERR_get_error();
  }

  while (X509* x509 =
      PEM_read_bio_X509(bio, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr)) {
    X509_STORE_add_cert(store, x509);
    X509_free(x509);
  }
  BIO_free_all(bio);

  unsigned long err = ERR_peek_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  // Ignore error if its EOF/no start line found.
  if (ERR_GET_LIB(err) == ERR_LIB_PEM &&
      ERR_GET_REASON(err) == PEM_R_NO_START_LINE) {
    return 0;
  }

  return err;
}

void SecureContext::AddRootCerts(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  if (!root_cert_store) {
    root_cert_store = NewRootCertStore();

    if (!extra_root_certs_file.empty()) {
      unsigned long err = AddCertsFromFile(  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
                                           root_cert_store,
                                           extra_root_certs_file.c_str());
      if (err) {
        // We do not call back into JS after this line anyway, so ignoring
        // the return value of ProcessEmitWarning does not affect how a
        // possible exception would be propagated.
        ProcessEmitWarning(sc->env(),
                           "Ignoring extra certs from `%s`, "
                           "load failed: %s\n",
                           extra_root_certs_file.c_str(),
                           ERR_error_string(err, nullptr));
      }
    }
  }

  // Increment reference count so global store is not deleted along with CTX.
  X509_STORE_up_ref(root_cert_store);
  SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(sc->ctx_, root_cert_store);
}


void SecureContext::SetCiphers(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = sc->env();
  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Ciphers argument is mandatory");
  }

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[0], "Ciphers");

  const node::Utf8Value ciphers(args.GetIsolate(), args[0]);
  SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(sc->ctx_, *ciphers);
}


void SecureContext::SetECDHCurve(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = sc->env();

  if (args.Length() != 1)
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "ECDH curve name argument is mandatory");

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[0], "ECDH curve name");

  node::Utf8Value curve(env->isolate(), args[0]);

  if (strcmp(*curve, "auto") == 0)
    return;

  if (!SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(sc->ctx_, *curve))
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to set ECDH curve");
}


void SecureContext::SetDHParam(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.This());
  Environment* env = sc->env();
  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  // Auto DH is not supported in openssl 1.0.1, so dhparam needs
  // to be specified explicitly
  if (args.Length() != 1)
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "DH argument is mandatory");

  // Invalid dhparam is silently discarded and DHE is no longer used.
  BIO* bio = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (!bio)
    return;

  DH* dh = PEM_read_bio_DHparams(bio, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
  BIO_free_all(bio);

  if (dh == nullptr)
    return;

  const BIGNUM* p;
  DH_get0_pqg(dh, &p, nullptr, nullptr);
  const int size = BN_num_bits(p);
  if (size < 1024) {
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
        env, "DH parameter is less than 1024 bits");
  } else if (size < 2048) {
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(
        env->isolate(), "DH parameter is less than 2048 bits"));
  }

  SSL_CTX_set_options(sc->ctx_, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE);
  int r = SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(sc->ctx_, dh);
  DH_free(dh);

  if (!r)
    return env->ThrowTypeError("Error setting temp DH parameter");
}


void SecureContext::SetOptions(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() != 1 || !args[0]->IntegerValue()) {
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(
        sc->env(), "Options must be an integer value");
  }

  SSL_CTX_set_options(
      sc->ctx_,
      static_cast<long>(args[0]->IntegerValue()));  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
}


void SecureContext::SetSessionIdContext(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = sc->env();

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(
        env, "Session ID context argument is mandatory");
  }

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[0], "Session ID context");

  const node::Utf8Value sessionIdContext(args.GetIsolate(), args[0]);
  const unsigned char* sid_ctx =
      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(*sessionIdContext);
  unsigned int sid_ctx_len = sessionIdContext.length();

  int r = SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(sc->ctx_, sid_ctx, sid_ctx_len);
  if (r == 1)
    return;

  BIO* bio;
  BUF_MEM* mem;
  Local<String> message;

  bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
  if (bio == nullptr) {
    message = FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(args.GetIsolate(),
                                    "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context error");
  } else {
    ERR_print_errors(bio);
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    message = OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(), mem->data, mem->length);
    BIO_free_all(bio);
  }

  args.GetIsolate()->ThrowException(Exception::TypeError(message));
}


void SecureContext::SetSessionTimeout(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() != 1 || !args[0]->IsInt32()) {
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(
        sc->env(), "Session timeout must be a 32-bit integer");
  }

  int32_t sessionTimeout = args[0]->Int32Value();
  SSL_CTX_set_timeout(sc->ctx_, sessionTimeout);
}


void SecureContext::Close(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  sc->FreeCTXMem();
}


// Takes .pfx or .p12 and password in string or buffer format
void SecureContext::LoadPKCS12(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  BIO* in = nullptr;
  PKCS12* p12 = nullptr;
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  X509* cert = nullptr;
  STACK_OF(X509)* extra_certs = nullptr;
  char* pass = nullptr;
  bool ret = false;

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());
  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  if (args.Length() < 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "PFX certificate argument is mandatory");
  }

  in = LoadBIO(env, args[0]);
  if (in == nullptr) {
    return env->ThrowError("Unable to load BIO");
  }

  if (args.Length() >= 2) {
    THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[1], "Pass phrase");
    size_t passlen = Buffer::Length(args[1]);
    pass = new char[passlen + 1];
    memcpy(pass, Buffer::Data(args[1]), passlen);
    pass[passlen] = '\0';
  }

  // Free previous certs
  if (sc->issuer_ != nullptr) {
    X509_free(sc->issuer_);
    sc->issuer_ = nullptr;
  }
  if (sc->cert_ != nullptr) {
    X509_free(sc->cert_);
    sc->cert_ = nullptr;
  }

  X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(sc->ctx_);

  if (d2i_PKCS12_bio(in, &p12) &&
      PKCS12_parse(p12, pass, &pkey, &cert, &extra_certs) &&
      SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(sc->ctx_,
                                    cert,
                                    extra_certs,
                                    &sc->cert_,
                                    &sc->issuer_) &&
      SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(sc->ctx_, pkey)) {
    // Add CA certs too
    for (int i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(extra_certs); i++) {
      X509* ca = sk_X509_value(extra_certs, i);

      if (cert_store == root_cert_store) {
        cert_store = NewRootCertStore();
        SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(sc->ctx_, cert_store);
      }
      X509_STORE_add_cert(cert_store, ca);
      SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(sc->ctx_, ca);
    }
    ret = true;
  }

  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
  if (cert != nullptr)
    X509_free(cert);
  if (extra_certs != nullptr)
    sk_X509_pop_free(extra_certs, X509_free);

  PKCS12_free(p12);
  BIO_free_all(in);
  delete[] pass;

  if (!ret) {
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const char* str = ERR_reason_error_string(err);
    return env->ThrowError(str);
  }
}


#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
void SecureContext::SetClientCertEngine(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 1);
  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());

  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.Holder());

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  // SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_engine does not itself support multiple
  // calls by cleaning up before overwriting the client_cert_engine
  // internal context variable.
  // Instead of trying to fix up this problem we in turn also do not
  // support multiple calls to SetClientCertEngine.
  if (sc->client_cert_engine_provided_) {
    return env->ThrowError(
        "Multiple calls to SetClientCertEngine are not allowed");
  }

  const node::Utf8Value engine_id(env->isolate(), args[0]);
  char errmsg[1024];
  ENGINE* engine = LoadEngineById(*engine_id, &errmsg);

  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return env->ThrowError(errmsg);
  }

  int r = SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_engine(sc->ctx_, engine);
  // Free reference (SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_engine took it via ENGINE_init).
  ENGINE_free(engine);
  if (r == 0) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error());
  }
  sc->client_cert_engine_provided_ = true;
}
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE


void SecureContext::GetTicketKeys(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT) && defined(SSL_CTX_get_tlsext_ticket_keys)

  SecureContext* wrap;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&wrap, args.Holder());

  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::New(wrap->env(), 48).ToLocalChecked();
  memcpy(Buffer::Data(buff), wrap->ticket_key_name_, 16);
  memcpy(Buffer::Data(buff) + 16, wrap->ticket_key_hmac_, 16);
  memcpy(Buffer::Data(buff) + 32, wrap->ticket_key_aes_, 16);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buff);
#endif  // !def(OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT) && def(SSL_CTX_get_tlsext_ticket_keys)
}


void SecureContext::SetTicketKeys(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT) && defined(SSL_CTX_get_tlsext_ticket_keys)
  SecureContext* wrap;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&wrap, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = wrap->env();

  if (args.Length() < 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Ticket keys argument is mandatory");
  }

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Ticket keys");

  if (Buffer::Length(args[0]) != 48) {
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
        env, "Ticket keys length must be 48 bytes");
  }

  memcpy(wrap->ticket_key_name_, Buffer::Data(args[0]), 16);
  memcpy(wrap->ticket_key_hmac_, Buffer::Data(args[0]) + 16, 16);
  memcpy(wrap->ticket_key_aes_, Buffer::Data(args[0]) + 32, 16);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
#endif  // !def(OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT) && def(SSL_CTX_get_tlsext_ticket_keys)
}


void SecureContext::SetFreeListLength(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
}


// Currently, EnableTicketKeyCallback and TicketKeyCallback are only present for
// the regression test in test/parallel/test-https-resume-after-renew.js.
void SecureContext::EnableTicketKeyCallback(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* wrap;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&wrap, args.Holder());

  SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb(wrap->ctx_, TicketKeyCallback);
}


int SecureContext::TicketKeyCallback(SSL* ssl,
                                     unsigned char* name,
                                     unsigned char* iv,
                                     EVP_CIPHER_CTX* ectx,
                                     HMAC_CTX* hctx,
                                     int enc) {
  static const int kTicketPartSize = 16;

  SecureContext* sc = static_cast<SecureContext*>(
      SSL_CTX_get_app_data(SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl)));

  Environment* env = sc->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Value> argv[] = {
    Buffer::Copy(env,
                 reinterpret_cast<char*>(name),
                 kTicketPartSize).ToLocalChecked(),
    Buffer::Copy(env,
                 reinterpret_cast<char*>(iv),
                 kTicketPartSize).ToLocalChecked(),
    Boolean::New(env->isolate(), enc != 0)
  };

  Local<Value> ret = node::MakeCallback(env->isolate(),
                                        sc->object(),
                                        env->ticketkeycallback_string(),
                                        arraysize(argv),
                                        argv,
                                        {0, 0}).ToLocalChecked();
  Local<Array> arr = ret.As<Array>();

  int r = arr->Get(kTicketKeyReturnIndex)->Int32Value();
  if (r < 0)
    return r;

  Local<Value> hmac = arr->Get(kTicketKeyHMACIndex);
  Local<Value> aes = arr->Get(kTicketKeyAESIndex);
  if (Buffer::Length(aes) != kTicketPartSize)
    return -1;

  if (enc) {
    Local<Value> name_val = arr->Get(kTicketKeyNameIndex);
    Local<Value> iv_val = arr->Get(kTicketKeyIVIndex);

    if (Buffer::Length(name_val) != kTicketPartSize ||
        Buffer::Length(iv_val) != kTicketPartSize) {
      return -1;
    }

    memcpy(name, Buffer::Data(name_val), kTicketPartSize);
    memcpy(iv, Buffer::Data(iv_val), kTicketPartSize);
  }

  HMAC_Init_ex(hctx,
               Buffer::Data(hmac),
               Buffer::Length(hmac),
               EVP_sha256(),
               nullptr);

  const unsigned char* aes_key =
      reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(aes));
  if (enc) {
    EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ectx,
                       EVP_aes_128_cbc(),
                       nullptr,
                       aes_key,
                       iv);
  } else {
    EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ectx,
                       EVP_aes_128_cbc(),
                       nullptr,
                       aes_key,
                       iv);
  }

  return r;
}


int SecureContext::TicketCompatibilityCallback(SSL* ssl,
                                               unsigned char* name,
                                               unsigned char* iv,
                                               EVP_CIPHER_CTX* ectx,
                                               HMAC_CTX* hctx,
                                               int enc) {
  SecureContext* sc = static_cast<SecureContext*>(
      SSL_CTX_get_app_data(SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl)));

  if (enc) {
    memcpy(name, sc->ticket_key_name_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_name_));
    if (RAND_bytes(iv, 16) <= 0 ||
        EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ectx, EVP_aes_128_cbc(), nullptr,
                           sc->ticket_key_aes_, iv) <= 0 ||
        HMAC_Init_ex(hctx, sc->ticket_key_hmac_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_hmac_),
                     EVP_sha256(), nullptr) <= 0) {
      return -1;
    }
    return 1;
  }

  if (memcmp(name, sc->ticket_key_name_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_name_)) != 0) {
    // The ticket key name does not match. Discard the ticket.
    return 0;
  }

  if (EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ectx, EVP_aes_128_cbc(), nullptr, sc->ticket_key_aes_,
                         iv) <= 0 ||
      HMAC_Init_ex(hctx, sc->ticket_key_hmac_, sizeof(sc->ticket_key_hmac_),
                   EVP_sha256(), nullptr) <= 0) {
    return -1;
  }
  return 1;
}


void SecureContext::CtxGetter(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& info) {
  SecureContext* sc;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, info.This());
  Local<External> ext = External::New(info.GetIsolate(), sc->ctx_);
  info.GetReturnValue().Set(ext);
}


template <bool primary>
void SecureContext::GetCertificate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SecureContext* wrap;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&wrap, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  X509* cert;

  if (primary)
    cert = wrap->cert_;
  else
    cert = wrap->issuer_;
  if (cert == nullptr)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetNull();

  int size = i2d_X509(cert, nullptr);
  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::New(env, size).ToLocalChecked();
  unsigned char* serialized = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(
      Buffer::Data(buff));
  i2d_X509(cert, &serialized);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buff);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::AddMethods(Environment* env, Local<FunctionTemplate> t) {
  HandleScope scope(env->isolate());

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPeerCertificate", GetPeerCertificate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getFinished", GetFinished);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPeerFinished", GetPeerFinished);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getSession", GetSession);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setSession", SetSession);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "loadSession", LoadSession);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "isSessionReused", IsSessionReused);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "isInitFinished", IsInitFinished);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "verifyError", VerifyError);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getCurrentCipher", GetCurrentCipher);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "endParser", EndParser);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "certCbDone", CertCbDone);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "renegotiate", Renegotiate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "shutdownSSL", Shutdown);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getTLSTicket", GetTLSTicket);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "newSessionDone", NewSessionDone);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setOCSPResponse", SetOCSPResponse);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "requestOCSP", RequestOCSP);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getEphemeralKeyInfo", GetEphemeralKeyInfo);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getProtocol", GetProtocol);

#ifdef SSL_set_max_send_fragment
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setMaxSendFragment", SetMaxSendFragment);
#endif  // SSL_set_max_send_fragment

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getALPNNegotiatedProtocol", GetALPNNegotiatedProto);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setALPNProtocols", SetALPNProtocols);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::ConfigureSecureContext(SecureContext* sc) {
#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
  // OCSP stapling
  SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_status_cb(sc->ctx_, TLSExtStatusCallback);
  SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_status_arg(sc->ctx_, nullptr);
#endif  // NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
}


template <class Base>
SSL_SESSION* SSLWrap<Base>::GetSessionCallback(SSL* s,
                                               const unsigned char* key,
                                               int len,
                                               int* copy) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(SSL_get_app_data(s));

  *copy = 0;
  SSL_SESSION* sess = w->next_sess_;
  w->next_sess_ = nullptr;

  return sess;
}


template <class Base>
int SSLWrap<Base>::NewSessionCallback(SSL* s, SSL_SESSION* sess) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(SSL_get_app_data(s));
  Environment* env = w->ssl_env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  if (!w->session_callbacks_)
    return 0;

  // Check if session is small enough to be stored
  int size = i2d_SSL_SESSION(sess, nullptr);
  if (size > SecureContext::kMaxSessionSize)
    return 0;

  // Serialize session
  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::New(env, size).ToLocalChecked();
  unsigned char* serialized = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(
      Buffer::Data(buff));
  memset(serialized, 0, size);
  i2d_SSL_SESSION(sess, &serialized);

  unsigned int session_id_length;
  const unsigned char* session_id = SSL_SESSION_get_id(sess,
                                                       &session_id_length);
  Local<Object> session = Buffer::Copy(
      env,
      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(session_id),
      session_id_length).ToLocalChecked();
  Local<Value> argv[] = { session, buff };
  w->new_session_wait_ = true;
  w->MakeCallback(env->onnewsession_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);

  return 0;
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::OnClientHello(void* arg,
                                  const ClientHelloParser::ClientHello& hello) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(arg);
  Environment* env = w->ssl_env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Local<Context> context = env->context();
  Context::Scope context_scope(context);

  Local<Object> hello_obj = Object::New(env->isolate());
  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::Copy(
      env,
      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(hello.session_id()),
      hello.session_size()).ToLocalChecked();
  hello_obj->Set(context, env->session_id_string(), buff).FromJust();
  if (hello.servername() == nullptr) {
    hello_obj->Set(context,
                   env->servername_string(),
                   String::Empty(env->isolate())).FromJust();
  } else {
    Local<String> servername = OneByteString(env->isolate(),
                                             hello.servername(),
                                             hello.servername_size());
    hello_obj->Set(context, env->servername_string(), servername).FromJust();
  }
  hello_obj->Set(context,
                 env->tls_ticket_string(),
                 Boolean::New(env->isolate(), hello.has_ticket())).FromJust();
  hello_obj->Set(context,
                 env->ocsp_request_string(),
                 Boolean::New(env->isolate(), hello.ocsp_request())).FromJust();

  Local<Value> argv[] = { hello_obj };
  w->MakeCallback(env->onclienthello_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);
}


static bool SafeX509ExtPrint(BIO* out, X509_EXTENSION* ext) {
  const X509V3_EXT_METHOD* method = X509V3_EXT_get(ext);

  if (method != X509V3_EXT_get_nid(NID_subject_alt_name))
    return false;

  GENERAL_NAMES* names = static_cast<GENERAL_NAMES*>(X509V3_EXT_d2i(ext));
  if (names == nullptr)
    return false;

  for (int i = 0; i < sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(names); i++) {
    GENERAL_NAME* gen = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(names, i);

    if (i != 0)
      BIO_write(out, ", ", 2);

    if (gen->type == GEN_DNS) {
      ASN1_IA5STRING* name = gen->d.dNSName;

      BIO_write(out, "DNS:", 4);
      BIO_write(out, name->data, name->length);
    } else {
      STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE)* nval = i2v_GENERAL_NAME(
          const_cast<X509V3_EXT_METHOD*>(method), gen, nullptr);
      if (nval == nullptr)
        return false;
      X509V3_EXT_val_prn(out, nval, 0, 0);
      sk_CONF_VALUE_pop_free(nval, X509V3_conf_free);
    }
  }
  sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(names, GENERAL_NAME_free);

  return true;
}


static void AddFingerprintDigest(const unsigned char* md,
                                 unsigned int md_size,
                                 char (*fingerprint)[3 * EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE + 1]) {
  unsigned int i;
  const char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";

  for (i = 0; i < md_size; i++) {
    (*fingerprint)[3*i] = hex[(md[i] & 0xf0) >> 4];
    (*fingerprint)[(3*i)+1] = hex[(md[i] & 0x0f)];
    (*fingerprint)[(3*i)+2] = ':';
  }

  if (md_size > 0) {
    (*fingerprint)[(3*(md_size-1))+2] = '\0';
  } else {
    (*fingerprint)[0] = '\0';
  }
}

static Local<Object> X509ToObject(Environment* env, X509* cert) {
  EscapableHandleScope scope(env->isolate());
  Local<Context> context = env->context();
  Local<Object> info = Object::New(env->isolate());

  BIO* bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
  BUF_MEM* mem;
  if (X509_NAME_print_ex(bio,
                         X509_get_subject_name(cert),
                         0,
                         X509_NAME_FLAGS) > 0) {
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    info->Set(context, env->subject_string(),
              String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                  String::kNormalString,
                                  mem->length)).FromJust();
  }
  USE(BIO_reset(bio));

  X509_NAME* issuer_name = X509_get_issuer_name(cert);
  if (X509_NAME_print_ex(bio, issuer_name, 0, X509_NAME_FLAGS) > 0) {
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    info->Set(context, env->issuer_string(),
              String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                  String::kNormalString,
                                  mem->length)).FromJust();
  }
  USE(BIO_reset(bio));

  int nids[] = { NID_subject_alt_name, NID_info_access };
  Local<String> keys[] = { env->subjectaltname_string(),
                           env->infoaccess_string() };
  CHECK_EQ(arraysize(nids), arraysize(keys));
  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(nids); i++) {
    int index = X509_get_ext_by_NID(cert, nids[i], -1);
    if (index < 0)
      continue;

    X509_EXTENSION* ext;
    int rv;

    ext = X509_get_ext(cert, index);
    CHECK_NE(ext, nullptr);

    if (!SafeX509ExtPrint(bio, ext)) {
      rv = X509V3_EXT_print(bio, ext, 0, 0);
      CHECK_EQ(rv, 1);
    }

    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    info->Set(context, keys[i],
              String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                  String::kNormalString,
                                  mem->length)).FromJust();

    USE(BIO_reset(bio));
  }

  EVP_PKEY* pkey = X509_get_pubkey(cert);
  RSA* rsa = nullptr;
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey);

  if (rsa != nullptr) {
    const BIGNUM* n;
    const BIGNUM* e;
    RSA_get0_key(rsa, &n, &e, nullptr);
    BN_print(bio, n);
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    info->Set(context, env->modulus_string(),
              String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                  String::kNormalString,
                                  mem->length)).FromJust();
    USE(BIO_reset(bio));

    uint64_t exponent_word = static_cast<uint64_t>(BN_get_word(e));
    uint32_t lo = static_cast<uint32_t>(exponent_word);
    uint32_t hi = static_cast<uint32_t>(exponent_word >> 32);
    if (hi == 0) {
      BIO_printf(bio, "0x%x", lo);
    } else {
      BIO_printf(bio, "0x%x%08x", hi, lo);
    }
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
    info->Set(context, env->exponent_string(),
              String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                  String::kNormalString,
                                  mem->length)).FromJust();
    USE(BIO_reset(bio));

    int size = i2d_RSA_PUBKEY(rsa, nullptr);
    CHECK_GE(size, 0);
    Local<Object> pubbuff = Buffer::New(env, size).ToLocalChecked();
    unsigned char* pubserialized =
        reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(pubbuff));
    i2d_RSA_PUBKEY(rsa, &pubserialized);
    info->Set(env->pubkey_string(), pubbuff);
  }

  if (pkey != nullptr) {
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
    pkey = nullptr;
  }
  if (rsa != nullptr) {
    RSA_free(rsa);
    rsa = nullptr;
  }

  ASN1_TIME_print(bio, X509_get_notBefore(cert));
  BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
  info->Set(context, env->valid_from_string(),
            String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                String::kNormalString,
                                mem->length)).FromJust();
  USE(BIO_reset(bio));

  ASN1_TIME_print(bio, X509_get_notAfter(cert));
  BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &mem);
  info->Set(context, env->valid_to_string(),
            String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), mem->data,
                                String::kNormalString,
                                mem->length)).FromJust();
  BIO_free_all(bio);

  unsigned char md[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
  unsigned int md_size;
  char fingerprint[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE * 3 + 1];
  if (X509_digest(cert, EVP_sha1(), md, &md_size)) {
      AddFingerprintDigest(md, md_size, &fingerprint);
      info->Set(context, env->fingerprint_string(),
                OneByteString(env->isolate(), fingerprint)).FromJust();
  }
  if (X509_digest(cert, EVP_sha256(), md, &md_size)) {
      AddFingerprintDigest(md, md_size, &fingerprint);
      info->Set(context, env->fingerprint256_string(),
                OneByteString(env->isolate(), fingerprint)).FromJust();
  }

  STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT)* eku = static_cast<STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT)*>(
      X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_ext_key_usage, nullptr, nullptr));
  if (eku != nullptr) {
    Local<Array> ext_key_usage = Array::New(env->isolate());
    char buf[256];

    int j = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_OBJECT_num(eku); i++) {
      if (OBJ_obj2txt(buf, sizeof(buf), sk_ASN1_OBJECT_value(eku, i), 1) >= 0)
        ext_key_usage->Set(context,
                           j++,
                           OneByteString(env->isolate(), buf)).FromJust();
    }

    sk_ASN1_OBJECT_pop_free(eku, ASN1_OBJECT_free);
    info->Set(context, env->ext_key_usage_string(), ext_key_usage).FromJust();
  }

  if (ASN1_INTEGER* serial_number = X509_get_serialNumber(cert)) {
    if (BIGNUM* bn = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(serial_number, nullptr)) {
      if (char* buf = BN_bn2hex(bn)) {
        info->Set(context, env->serial_number_string(),
                  OneByteString(env->isolate(), buf)).FromJust();
        OPENSSL_free(buf);
      }
      BN_free(bn);
    }
  }

  // Raw DER certificate
  int size = i2d_X509(cert, nullptr);
  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::New(env, size).ToLocalChecked();
  unsigned char* serialized = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(
      Buffer::Data(buff));
  i2d_X509(cert, &serialized);
  info->Set(context, env->raw_string(), buff).FromJust();

  return scope.Escape(info);
}


static Local<Object> AddIssuerChainToObject(X509** cert,
                                            Local<Object> object,
                                            StackOfX509 peer_certs,
                                            Environment* const env) {
  Local<Context> context = env->isolate()->GetCurrentContext();
  *cert = sk_X509_delete(peer_certs.get(), 0);
  for (;;) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(peer_certs.get()); i++) {
      X509* ca = sk_X509_value(peer_certs.get(), i);
      if (X509_check_issued(ca, *cert) != X509_V_OK)
        continue;

      Local<Object> ca_info = X509ToObject(env, ca);
      object->Set(context, env->issuercert_string(), ca_info).FromJust();
      object = ca_info;

      // NOTE: Intentionally freeing cert that is not used anymore.
      X509_free(*cert);

      // Delete cert and continue aggregating issuers.
      *cert = sk_X509_delete(peer_certs.get(), i);
      break;
    }

    // Issuer not found, break out of the loop.
    if (i == sk_X509_num(peer_certs.get()))
      break;
  }
  return object;
}


static StackOfX509 CloneSSLCerts(X509** cert,
                                 const STACK_OF(X509)* const ssl_certs) {
  StackOfX509 peer_certs(sk_X509_new(nullptr));
  if (*cert != nullptr)
    sk_X509_push(peer_certs.get(), *cert);
  for (int i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(ssl_certs); i++) {
    *cert = X509_dup(sk_X509_value(ssl_certs, i));
    if (*cert == nullptr)
      return StackOfX509();
    if (!sk_X509_push(peer_certs.get(), *cert))
      return StackOfX509();
  }
  return peer_certs;
}


static Local<Object> GetLastIssuedCert(X509** cert,
                                       const SSL* const ssl,
                                       Local<Object> issuer_chain,
                                       Environment* const env) {
  Local<Context> context = env->isolate()->GetCurrentContext();
  while (X509_check_issued(*cert, *cert) != X509_V_OK) {
    X509* ca;
    if (SSL_CTX_get_issuer(SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl), *cert, &ca) <= 0)
      break;

    Local<Object> ca_info = X509ToObject(env, ca);
    issuer_chain->Set(context, env->issuercert_string(), ca_info).FromJust();
    issuer_chain = ca_info;

    // NOTE: Intentionally freeing cert that is not used anymore.
    X509_free(*cert);

    // Delete cert and continue aggregating issuers.
    *cert = ca;
  }
  return issuer_chain;
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetPeerCertificate(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->ssl_env();

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  Local<Object> result;
  // Used to build the issuer certificate chain.
  Local<Object> issuer_chain;

  // NOTE: This is because of the odd OpenSSL behavior. On client `cert_chain`
  // contains the `peer_certificate`, but on server it doesn't.
  X509* cert = w->is_server() ? SSL_get_peer_certificate(w->ssl_) : nullptr;
  STACK_OF(X509)* ssl_certs = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(w->ssl_);
  if (cert == nullptr && (ssl_certs == nullptr || sk_X509_num(ssl_certs) == 0))
    goto done;

  // Short result requested.
  if (args.Length() < 1 || !args[0]->IsTrue()) {
    X509* target_cert = cert;
    if (target_cert == nullptr)
      target_cert = sk_X509_value(ssl_certs, 0);
    result = X509ToObject(env, target_cert);
    goto done;
  }

  if (auto peer_certs = CloneSSLCerts(&cert, ssl_certs)) {
    // First and main certificate.
    cert = sk_X509_value(peer_certs.get(), 0);
    result = X509ToObject(env, cert);

    issuer_chain =
        AddIssuerChainToObject(&cert, result, std::move(peer_certs), env);
    issuer_chain = GetLastIssuedCert(&cert, w->ssl_, issuer_chain, env);
    // Last certificate should be self-signed.
    if (X509_check_issued(cert, cert) == X509_V_OK)
      issuer_chain->Set(env->context(),
                        env->issuercert_string(),
                        issuer_chain).FromJust();

    CHECK_NE(cert, nullptr);
  }

 done:
  if (cert != nullptr)
    X509_free(cert);
  if (result.IsEmpty())
    result = Object::New(env->isolate());
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(result);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetFinished(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  // We cannot just pass nullptr to SSL_get_finished()
  // because it would further be propagated to memcpy(),
  // where the standard requirements as described in ISO/IEC 9899:2011
  // sections 7.21.2.1, 7.21.1.2, and 7.1.4, would be violated.
  // Thus, we use a dummy byte.
  char dummy[1];
  size_t len = SSL_get_finished(w->ssl_, dummy, sizeof dummy);
  if (len == 0)
    return;

  char* buf = Malloc(len);
  CHECK_EQ(len, SSL_get_finished(w->ssl_, buf, len));
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Buffer::New(env, buf, len).ToLocalChecked());
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetPeerFinished(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  // We cannot just pass nullptr to SSL_get_peer_finished()
  // because it would further be propagated to memcpy(),
  // where the standard requirements as described in ISO/IEC 9899:2011
  // sections 7.21.2.1, 7.21.1.2, and 7.1.4, would be violated.
  // Thus, we use a dummy byte.
  char dummy[1];
  size_t len = SSL_get_peer_finished(w->ssl_, dummy, sizeof dummy);
  if (len == 0)
    return;

  char* buf = Malloc(len);
  CHECK_EQ(len, SSL_get_peer_finished(w->ssl_, buf, len));
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Buffer::New(env, buf, len).ToLocalChecked());
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetSession(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  SSL_SESSION* sess = SSL_get_session(w->ssl_);
  if (sess == nullptr)
    return;

  int slen = i2d_SSL_SESSION(sess, nullptr);
  CHECK_GT(slen, 0);

  char* sbuf = Malloc(slen);
  unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(sbuf);
  i2d_SSL_SESSION(sess, &p);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Buffer::New(env, sbuf, slen).ToLocalChecked());
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::SetSession(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() < 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Session argument is mandatory");
  }

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Session");
  size_t slen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  char* sbuf = new char[slen];
  memcpy(sbuf, Buffer::Data(args[0]), slen);

  const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(sbuf);
  SSL_SESSION* sess = d2i_SSL_SESSION(nullptr, &p, slen);

  delete[] sbuf;

  if (sess == nullptr)
    return;

  int r = SSL_set_session(w->ssl_, sess);
  SSL_SESSION_free(sess);

  if (!r)
    return env->ThrowError("SSL_set_session error");
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::LoadSession(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  if (args.Length() >= 1 && Buffer::HasInstance(args[0])) {
    ssize_t slen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
    char* sbuf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);

    const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(sbuf);
    SSL_SESSION* sess = d2i_SSL_SESSION(nullptr, &p, slen);

    // Setup next session and move hello to the BIO buffer
    if (w->next_sess_ != nullptr)
      SSL_SESSION_free(w->next_sess_);
    w->next_sess_ = sess;
  }
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::IsSessionReused(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  bool yes = SSL_session_reused(w->ssl_);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(yes);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::EndParser(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  w->hello_parser_.End();
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::Renegotiate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  bool yes = SSL_renegotiate(w->ssl_) == 1;
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(yes);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::Shutdown(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  int rv = SSL_shutdown(w->ssl_);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rv);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetTLSTicket(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->ssl_env();

  SSL_SESSION* sess = SSL_get_session(w->ssl_);
  if (sess == nullptr)
    return;

  const unsigned char *ticket;
  size_t length;
  SSL_SESSION_get0_ticket(sess, &ticket, &length);

  if (ticket == nullptr)
    return;

  Local<Object> buff = Buffer::Copy(
      env, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ticket), length).ToLocalChecked();

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buff);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::NewSessionDone(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  w->new_session_wait_ = false;
  w->NewSessionDoneCb();
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::SetOCSPResponse(
    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->env();

  if (args.Length() < 1)
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "OCSP response argument is mandatory");

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "OCSP response");

  w->ocsp_response_.Reset(args.GetIsolate(), args[0].As<Object>());
#endif  // NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::RequestOCSP(
    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  SSL_set_tlsext_status_type(w->ssl_, TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp);
#endif  // NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetEphemeralKeyInfo(
    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  Local<Context> context = env->context();

  CHECK_NE(w->ssl_, nullptr);

  // tmp key is available on only client
  if (w->is_server())
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetNull();

  Local<Object> info = Object::New(env->isolate());

  EVP_PKEY* key;

  if (SSL_get_server_tmp_key(w->ssl_, &key)) {
    switch (EVP_PKEY_id(key)) {
      case EVP_PKEY_DH:
        info->Set(context, env->type_string(),
                  FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "DH")).FromJust();
        info->Set(context, env->size_string(),
                  Integer::New(env->isolate(), EVP_PKEY_bits(key))).FromJust();
        break;
      case EVP_PKEY_EC:
        {
          EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(key);
          int nid = EC_GROUP_get_curve_name(EC_KEY_get0_group(ec));
          EC_KEY_free(ec);
          info->Set(context, env->type_string(),
                    FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "ECDH")).FromJust();
          info->Set(context, env->name_string(),
                    OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(),
                                  OBJ_nid2sn(nid))).FromJust();
          info->Set(context, env->size_string(),
                    Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                                 EVP_PKEY_bits(key))).FromJust();
        }
    }
    EVP_PKEY_free(key);
  }

  return args.GetReturnValue().Set(info);
}


#ifdef SSL_set_max_send_fragment
template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::SetMaxSendFragment(
    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
  CHECK(args.Length() >= 1 && args[0]->IsNumber());

  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  int rv = SSL_set_max_send_fragment(w->ssl_, args[0]->Int32Value());
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rv);
}
#endif  // SSL_set_max_send_fragment


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::IsInitFinished(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  bool yes = SSL_is_init_finished(w->ssl_);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(yes);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::VerifyError(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  // XXX(bnoordhuis) The UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT error when there is no
  // peer certificate is questionable but it's compatible with what was
  // here before.
  long x509_verify_error =  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
      X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT;
  if (X509* peer_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(w->ssl_)) {
    X509_free(peer_cert);
    x509_verify_error = SSL_get_verify_result(w->ssl_);
  }

  if (x509_verify_error == X509_V_OK)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetNull();

  // XXX(bnoordhuis) X509_verify_cert_error_string() is not actually thread-safe
  // in the presence of invalid error codes.  Probably academical but something
  // to keep in mind if/when node ever grows multi-isolate capabilities.
  const char* reason = X509_verify_cert_error_string(x509_verify_error);
  const char* code = reason;
#define CASE_X509_ERR(CODE) case X509_V_ERR_##CODE: code = #CODE; break;
  switch (x509_verify_error) {
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_NOT_YET_VALID)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_HAS_EXPIRED)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CRL_NOT_YET_VALID)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CRL_HAS_EXPIRED)
    CASE_X509_ERR(ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD)
    CASE_X509_ERR(ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD)
    CASE_X509_ERR(ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD)
    CASE_X509_ERR(ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD)
    CASE_X509_ERR(OUT_OF_MEM)
    CASE_X509_ERR(DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT)
    CASE_X509_ERR(SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY)
    CASE_X509_ERR(UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_REVOKED)
    CASE_X509_ERR(INVALID_CA)
    CASE_X509_ERR(PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED)
    CASE_X509_ERR(INVALID_PURPOSE)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_UNTRUSTED)
    CASE_X509_ERR(CERT_REJECTED)
  }
#undef CASE_X509_ERR

  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  Local<String> reason_string = OneByteString(isolate, reason);
  Local<Value> exception_value = Exception::Error(reason_string);
  Local<Object> exception_object = exception_value->ToObject(isolate);
  exception_object->Set(w->env()->context(), w->env()->code_string(),
                        OneByteString(isolate, code)).FromJust();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(exception_object);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetCurrentCipher(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->ssl_env();
  Local<Context> context = env->context();

  const SSL_CIPHER* c = SSL_get_current_cipher(w->ssl_);
  if (c == nullptr)
    return;

  Local<Object> info = Object::New(env->isolate());
  const char* cipher_name = SSL_CIPHER_get_name(c);
  info->Set(context, env->name_string(),
            OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(), cipher_name)).FromJust();
  info->Set(context, env->version_string(),
            OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(), "TLSv1/SSLv3")).FromJust();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(info);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetProtocol(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  const char* tls_version = SSL_get_version(w->ssl_);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(), tls_version));
}


#ifdef TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
template <class Base>
int SSLWrap<Base>::SelectALPNCallback(SSL* s,
                                      const unsigned char** out,
                                      unsigned char* outlen,
                                      const unsigned char* in,
                                      unsigned int inlen,
                                      void* arg) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(SSL_get_app_data(s));
  Environment* env = w->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Value> alpn_buffer =
      w->object()->GetPrivate(
          env->context(),
          env->alpn_buffer_private_symbol()).ToLocalChecked();
  CHECK(Buffer::HasInstance(alpn_buffer));
  const unsigned char* alpn_protos =
      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(alpn_buffer));
  unsigned alpn_protos_len = Buffer::Length(alpn_buffer);
  int status = SSL_select_next_proto(const_cast<unsigned char**>(out), outlen,
                                     alpn_protos, alpn_protos_len, in, inlen);
  // According to 3.2. Protocol Selection of RFC7301, fatal
  // no_application_protocol alert shall be sent but OpenSSL 1.0.2 does not
  // support it yet. See
  // https://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=3463&user=guest&pass=guest
  return status == OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED ? SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK
                                          : SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;
}
#endif  // TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::GetALPNNegotiatedProto(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
#ifdef TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());

  const unsigned char* alpn_proto;
  unsigned int alpn_proto_len;

  SSL_get0_alpn_selected(w->ssl_, &alpn_proto, &alpn_proto_len);

  if (!alpn_proto)
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(
      OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(), alpn_proto, alpn_proto_len));
#endif  // TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::SetALPNProtocols(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
#ifdef TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->env();
  if (args.Length() < 1 || !Buffer::HasInstance(args[0]))
    return env->ThrowTypeError("Must give a Buffer as first argument");

  if (w->is_client()) {
    const unsigned char* alpn_protos =
        reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(args[0]));
    unsigned alpn_protos_len = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
    int r = SSL_set_alpn_protos(w->ssl_, alpn_protos, alpn_protos_len);
    CHECK_EQ(r, 0);
  } else {
    CHECK(
        w->object()->SetPrivate(
          env->context(),
          env->alpn_buffer_private_symbol(),
          args[0]).FromJust());
    // Server should select ALPN protocol from list of advertised by client
    SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(SSL_get_SSL_CTX(w->ssl_), SelectALPNCallback,
                               nullptr);
  }
#endif  // TLSEXT_TYPE_application_layer_protocol_negotiation
}


#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
template <class Base>
int SSLWrap<Base>::TLSExtStatusCallback(SSL* s, void* arg) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(SSL_get_app_data(s));
  Environment* env = w->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  if (w->is_client()) {
    // Incoming response
    const unsigned char* resp;
    int len = SSL_get_tlsext_status_ocsp_resp(s, &resp);
    Local<Value> arg;
    if (resp == nullptr) {
      arg = Null(env->isolate());
    } else {
      arg =
          Buffer::Copy(env, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(resp), len)
          .ToLocalChecked();
    }

    w->MakeCallback(env->onocspresponse_string(), 1, &arg);

    // Somehow, client is expecting different return value here
    return 1;
  } else {
    // Outgoing response
    if (w->ocsp_response_.IsEmpty())
      return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;

    Local<Object> obj = PersistentToLocal(env->isolate(), w->ocsp_response_);
    char* resp = Buffer::Data(obj);
    size_t len = Buffer::Length(obj);

    // OpenSSL takes control of the pointer after accepting it
    char* data = node::Malloc(len);
    memcpy(data, resp, len);

    if (!SSL_set_tlsext_status_ocsp_resp(s, data, len))
      free(data);
    w->ocsp_response_.Reset();

    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
  }
}
#endif  // NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::WaitForCertCb(CertCb cb, void* arg) {
  cert_cb_ = cb;
  cert_cb_arg_ = arg;
}


template <class Base>
int SSLWrap<Base>::SSLCertCallback(SSL* s, void* arg) {
  Base* w = static_cast<Base*>(SSL_get_app_data(s));

  if (!w->is_server())
    return 1;

  if (!w->is_waiting_cert_cb())
    return 1;

  if (w->cert_cb_running_)
    return -1;

  Environment* env = w->env();
  Local<Context> context = env->context();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(context);
  w->cert_cb_running_ = true;

  Local<Object> info = Object::New(env->isolate());

  const char* servername = SSL_get_servername(s, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
  if (servername == nullptr) {
    info->Set(context,
              env->servername_string(),
              String::Empty(env->isolate())).FromJust();
  } else {
    Local<String> str = OneByteString(env->isolate(), servername,
                                      strlen(servername));
    info->Set(context, env->servername_string(), str).FromJust();
  }

  bool ocsp = false;
#ifdef NODE__HAVE_TLSEXT_STATUS_CB
  ocsp = SSL_get_tlsext_status_type(s) == TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp;
#endif

  info->Set(context, env->ocsp_request_string(),
            Boolean::New(env->isolate(), ocsp)).FromJust();

  Local<Value> argv[] = { info };
  w->MakeCallback(env->oncertcb_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);

  if (!w->cert_cb_running_)
    return 1;

  // Performing async action, wait...
  return -1;
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::CertCbDone(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Base* w;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&w, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = w->env();

  CHECK(w->is_waiting_cert_cb() && w->cert_cb_running_);

  Local<Object> object = w->object();
  Local<Value> ctx = object->Get(env->sni_context_string());
  Local<FunctionTemplate> cons = env->secure_context_constructor_template();

  // Not an object, probably undefined or null
  if (!ctx->IsObject())
    goto fire_cb;

  if (cons->HasInstance(ctx)) {
    SecureContext* sc;
    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, ctx.As<Object>());
    w->sni_context_.Reset(env->isolate(), ctx);

    int rv;

    // NOTE: reference count is not increased by this API methods
    X509* x509 = SSL_CTX_get0_certificate(sc->ctx_);
    EVP_PKEY* pkey = SSL_CTX_get0_privatekey(sc->ctx_);
    STACK_OF(X509)* chain;

    rv = SSL_CTX_get0_chain_certs(sc->ctx_, &chain);
    if (rv)
      rv = SSL_use_certificate(w->ssl_, x509);
    if (rv)
      rv = SSL_use_PrivateKey(w->ssl_, pkey);
    if (rv && chain != nullptr)
      rv = SSL_set1_chain(w->ssl_, chain);
    if (rv)
      rv = w->SetCACerts(sc);
    if (!rv) {
      unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
      if (!err)
        return env->ThrowError("CertCbDone");
      return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
    }
  } else {
    // Failure: incorrect SNI context object
    Local<Value> err = Exception::TypeError(env->sni_context_err_string());
    w->MakeCallback(env->onerror_string(), 1, &err);
    return;
  }

 fire_cb:
  CertCb cb;
  void* arg;

  cb = w->cert_cb_;
  arg = w->cert_cb_arg_;

  w->cert_cb_running_ = false;
  w->cert_cb_ = nullptr;
  w->cert_cb_arg_ = nullptr;

  cb(arg);
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::DestroySSL() {
  if (ssl_ == nullptr)
    return;

  SSL_free(ssl_);
  env_->isolate()->AdjustAmountOfExternalAllocatedMemory(-kExternalSize);
  ssl_ = nullptr;
}


template <class Base>
void SSLWrap<Base>::SetSNIContext(SecureContext* sc) {
  ConfigureSecureContext(sc);
  CHECK_EQ(SSL_set_SSL_CTX(ssl_, sc->ctx_), sc->ctx_);

  SetCACerts(sc);
}


template <class Base>
int SSLWrap<Base>::SetCACerts(SecureContext* sc) {
  int err = SSL_set1_verify_cert_store(ssl_, SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(sc->ctx_));
  if (err != 1)
    return err;

  STACK_OF(X509_NAME)* list = SSL_dup_CA_list(
      SSL_CTX_get_client_CA_list(sc->ctx_));

  // NOTE: `SSL_set_client_CA_list` takes the ownership of `list`
  SSL_set_client_CA_list(ssl_, list);
  return 1;
}

int VerifyCallback(int preverify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX* ctx) {
  // Quoting SSL_set_verify(3ssl):
  //
  //   The VerifyCallback function is used to control the behaviour when
  //   the SSL_VERIFY_PEER flag is set. It must be supplied by the
  //   application and receives two arguments: preverify_ok indicates,
  //   whether the verification of the certificate in question was passed
  //   (preverify_ok=1) or not (preverify_ok=0). x509_ctx is a pointer to
  //   the complete context used for the certificate chain verification.
  //
  //   The certificate chain is checked starting with the deepest nesting
  //   level (the root CA certificate) and worked upward to the peer's
  //   certificate.  At each level signatures and issuer attributes are
  //   checked.  Whenever a verification error is found, the error number is
  //   stored in x509_ctx and VerifyCallback is called with preverify_ok=0.
  //   By applying X509_CTX_store_* functions VerifyCallback can locate the
  //   certificate in question and perform additional steps (see EXAMPLES).
  //   If no error is found for a certificate, VerifyCallback is called
  //   with preverify_ok=1 before advancing to the next level.
  //
  //   The return value of VerifyCallback controls the strategy of the
  //   further verification process. If VerifyCallback returns 0, the
  //   verification process is immediately stopped with "verification
  //   failed" state. If SSL_VERIFY_PEER is set, a verification failure
  //   alert is sent to the peer and the TLS/SSL handshake is terminated. If
  //   VerifyCallback returns 1, the verification process is continued. If
  //   VerifyCallback always returns 1, the TLS/SSL handshake will not be
  //   terminated with respect to verification failures and the connection
  //   will be established. The calling process can however retrieve the
  //   error code of the last verification error using
  //   SSL_get_verify_result(3) or by maintaining its own error storage
  //   managed by VerifyCallback.
  //
  //   If no VerifyCallback is specified, the default callback will be
  //   used.  Its return value is identical to preverify_ok, so that any
  //   verification failure will lead to a termination of the TLS/SSL
  //   handshake with an alert message, if SSL_VERIFY_PEER is set.
  //
  // Since we cannot perform I/O quickly enough in this callback, we ignore
  // all preverify_ok errors and let the handshake continue. It is
  // imparative that the user use Connection::VerifyError after the
  // 'secure' callback has been made.
  return 1;
}

void CipherBase::Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", Init);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "initiv", InitIv);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "update", Update);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "final", Final);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setAutoPadding", SetAutoPadding);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getAuthTag", GetAuthTag);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setAuthTag", SetAuthTag);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setAAD", SetAAD);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "CipherBase"),
              t->GetFunction());
}


void CipherBase::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CHECK(args.IsConstructCall());
  CipherKind kind = args[0]->IsTrue() ? kCipher : kDecipher;
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new CipherBase(env, args.This(), kind);
}


void CipherBase::Init(const char* cipher_type,
                      const char* key_buf,
                      int key_buf_len,
                      int auth_tag_len) {
  HandleScope scope(env()->isolate());

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
  if (FIPS_mode()) {
    return env()->ThrowError(
        "crypto.createCipher() is not supported in FIPS mode.");
  }
#endif  // NODE_FIPS_MODE

  CHECK_EQ(ctx_, nullptr);
  const EVP_CIPHER* const cipher = EVP_get_cipherbyname(cipher_type);
  if (cipher == nullptr) {
    return env()->ThrowError("Unknown cipher");
  }

  unsigned char key[EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH];
  unsigned char iv[EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH];

  int key_len = EVP_BytesToKey(cipher,
                               EVP_md5(),
                               nullptr,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key_buf),
                               key_buf_len,
                               1,
                               key,
                               iv);

  ctx_ = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
  const bool encrypt = (kind_ == kCipher);
  EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx_, cipher, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, encrypt);

  int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);
  if (encrypt && (mode == EVP_CIPH_CTR_MODE || mode == EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE ||
      mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE)) {
    // Ignore the return value (i.e. possible exception) because we are
    // not calling back into JS anyway.
    ProcessEmitWarning(env(),
                       "Use Cipheriv for counter mode of %s",
                       cipher_type);
  }

  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_WRAP_MODE)
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_flags(ctx_, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_FLAG_WRAP_ALLOW);

  if (IsAuthenticatedMode()) {
    if (!InitAuthenticated(cipher_type, EVP_CIPHER_iv_length(cipher),
                           auth_tag_len))
      return;
  }

  CHECK_EQ(1, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(ctx_, key_len));

  EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx_,
                    nullptr,
                    nullptr,
                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(key),
                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(iv),
                    encrypt);
}


void CipherBase::Init(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  CHECK_GE(args.Length(), 3);

  const node::Utf8Value cipher_type(args.GetIsolate(), args[0]);
  const char* key_buf = Buffer::Data(args[1]);
  ssize_t key_buf_len = Buffer::Length(args[1]);
  CHECK(args[2]->IsInt32());
  // Don't assign to cipher->auth_tag_len_ directly; the value might not
  // represent a valid length at this point.
  int auth_tag_len = args[2].As<v8::Int32>()->Value();

  cipher->Init(*cipher_type, key_buf, key_buf_len, auth_tag_len);
}


void CipherBase::InitIv(const char* cipher_type,
                        const char* key,
                        int key_len,
                        const char* iv,
                        int iv_len,
                        int auth_tag_len) {
  HandleScope scope(env()->isolate());

  const EVP_CIPHER* const cipher = EVP_get_cipherbyname(cipher_type);
  if (cipher == nullptr) {
    return env()->ThrowError("Unknown cipher");
  }

  const int expected_iv_len = EVP_CIPHER_iv_length(cipher);
  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_mode(cipher);
  const bool is_gcm_mode = (EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE == mode);
  const bool is_ccm_mode = (EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE == mode);
  const bool has_iv = iv_len >= 0;

  // Throw if no IV was passed and the cipher requires an IV
  if (!has_iv && expected_iv_len != 0) {
    char msg[128];
    snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Missing IV for cipher %s", cipher_type);
    return env()->ThrowError(msg);
  }

  // Throw if an IV was passed which does not match the cipher's fixed IV length
  if (!is_gcm_mode && !is_ccm_mode && has_iv && iv_len != expected_iv_len) {
    return env()->ThrowError("Invalid IV length");
  }

  ctx_ = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();

  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_WRAP_MODE)
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_flags(ctx_, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_FLAG_WRAP_ALLOW);

  const bool encrypt = (kind_ == kCipher);
  EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx_, cipher, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, encrypt);

  if (IsAuthenticatedMode()) {
    CHECK(has_iv);
    if (!InitAuthenticated(cipher_type, iv_len, auth_tag_len))
      return;
  }

  if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(ctx_, key_len)) {
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx_);
    ctx_ = nullptr;
    return env()->ThrowError("Invalid key length");
  }

  EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx_,
                    nullptr,
                    nullptr,
                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key),
                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(iv),
                    encrypt);
}


void CipherBase::InitIv(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = cipher->env();

  CHECK_GE(args.Length(), 4);

  const node::Utf8Value cipher_type(env->isolate(), args[0]);
  ssize_t key_len = Buffer::Length(args[1]);
  const char* key_buf = Buffer::Data(args[1]);
  ssize_t iv_len;
  const char* iv_buf;
  if (args[2]->IsNull()) {
    iv_buf = nullptr;
    iv_len = -1;
  } else {
    iv_buf = Buffer::Data(args[2]);
    iv_len = Buffer::Length(args[2]);
  }
  CHECK(args[3]->IsInt32());
  // Don't assign to cipher->auth_tag_len_ directly; the value might not
  // represent a valid length at this point.
  int auth_tag_len = args[3].As<v8::Int32>()->Value();

  cipher->InitIv(*cipher_type, key_buf, key_len, iv_buf, iv_len, auth_tag_len);
}


static bool IsValidGCMTagLength(unsigned int tag_len) {
  return tag_len == 4 || tag_len == 8 || (tag_len >= 12 && tag_len <= 16);
}

bool CipherBase::InitAuthenticated(const char *cipher_type, int iv_len,
                                   int auth_tag_len) {
  CHECK(IsAuthenticatedMode());

  // TODO(tniessen) Use EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_IVLEN when migrating to OpenSSL 1.1.0
  static_assert(EVP_CTRL_CCM_SET_IVLEN == EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_IVLEN,
                "OpenSSL constants differ between GCM and CCM");
  if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx_, EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_IVLEN, iv_len, nullptr)) {
    env()->ThrowError("Invalid IV length");
    return false;
  }

  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);
  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE) {
    if (auth_tag_len < 0) {
      char msg[128];
      snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "authTagLength required for %s", cipher_type);
      env()->ThrowError(msg);
      return false;
    }

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
    // TODO(tniessen) Support CCM decryption in FIPS mode
    if (kind_ == kDecipher && FIPS_mode()) {
      env()->ThrowError("CCM decryption not supported in FIPS mode");
      return false;
    }
#endif

    if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx_, EVP_CTRL_CCM_SET_TAG, auth_tag_len,
        nullptr)) {
      env()->ThrowError("Invalid authentication tag length");
      return false;
    }

    // When decrypting in CCM mode, this field will be set in setAuthTag().
    if (kind_ == kCipher)
      auth_tag_len_ = auth_tag_len;

    // The message length is restricted to 2 ^ (8 * (15 - iv_len)) - 1 bytes.
    CHECK(iv_len >= 7 && iv_len <= 13);
    if (iv_len >= static_cast<int>(15.5 - log2(INT_MAX + 1.) / 8)) {
      max_message_size_ = (1 << (8 * (15 - iv_len))) - 1;
    } else {
      max_message_size_ = INT_MAX;
    }
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(mode, EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE);

    if (auth_tag_len >= 0) {
      if (!IsValidGCMTagLength(auth_tag_len)) {
        char msg[50];
        snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
            "Invalid GCM authentication tag length: %u", auth_tag_len);
        env()->ThrowError(msg);
        return false;
      }

      // Remember the given authentication tag length for later.
      auth_tag_len_ = auth_tag_len;
    }
  }

  return true;
}


bool CipherBase::CheckCCMMessageLength(int message_len) {
  CHECK_NE(ctx_, nullptr);
  CHECK(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_) == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE);

  if (message_len > max_message_size_) {
    env()->ThrowError("Message exceeds maximum size");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}


bool CipherBase::IsAuthenticatedMode() const {
  // Check if this cipher operates in an AEAD mode that we support.
  CHECK_NE(ctx_, nullptr);
  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);
  return mode == EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE || mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE;
}


void CipherBase::GetAuthTag(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  // Only callable after Final and if encrypting.
  if (cipher->ctx_ != nullptr ||
      cipher->kind_ != kCipher ||
      cipher->auth_tag_len_ == kNoAuthTagLength) {
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetUndefined();
  }

  Local<Object> buf =
      Buffer::Copy(env, cipher->auth_tag_, cipher->auth_tag_len_)
      .ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


void CipherBase::SetAuthTag(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  if (cipher->ctx_ == nullptr ||
      !cipher->IsAuthenticatedMode() ||
      cipher->kind_ != kDecipher) {
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
  }

  // Restrict GCM tag lengths according to NIST 800-38d, page 9.
  unsigned int tag_len = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(cipher->ctx_);
  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE) {
    if ((cipher->auth_tag_len_ != kNoAuthTagLength &&
        cipher->auth_tag_len_ != tag_len) ||
        !IsValidGCMTagLength(tag_len)) {
      char msg[50];
      snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
          "Invalid GCM authentication tag length: %u", tag_len);
      return cipher->env()->ThrowError(msg);
    }
  }

  // Note: we don't use std::min() here to work around a header conflict.
  cipher->auth_tag_len_ = tag_len;
  if (cipher->auth_tag_len_ > sizeof(cipher->auth_tag_))
    cipher->auth_tag_len_ = sizeof(cipher->auth_tag_);

  memset(cipher->auth_tag_, 0, sizeof(cipher->auth_tag_));
  memcpy(cipher->auth_tag_, Buffer::Data(args[0]), cipher->auth_tag_len_);
}


bool CipherBase::SetAAD(const char* data, unsigned int len, int plaintext_len) {
  if (ctx_ == nullptr || !IsAuthenticatedMode())
    return false;

  int outlen;
  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);

  // When in CCM mode, we need to set the authentication tag and the plaintext
  // length in advance.
  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE) {
    if (plaintext_len < 0) {
      env()->ThrowError("plaintextLength required for CCM mode with AAD");
      return false;
    }

    if (!CheckCCMMessageLength(plaintext_len))
      return false;

    if (kind_ == kDecipher && !auth_tag_set_ && auth_tag_len_ > 0 &&
        auth_tag_len_ != kNoAuthTagLength) {
      if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx_,
                               EVP_CTRL_CCM_SET_TAG,
                               auth_tag_len_,
                               reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(auth_tag_))) {
        return false;
      }
      auth_tag_set_ = true;
    }

    // Specify the plaintext length.
    if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx_, nullptr, &outlen, nullptr, plaintext_len))
      return false;
  }

  return 1 == EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx_,
                               nullptr,
                               &outlen,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(data),
                               len);
}


void CipherBase::SetAAD(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 2);
  CHECK(args[1]->IsInt32());
  int plaintext_len = args[1].As<v8::Int32>()->Value();

  if (!cipher->SetAAD(Buffer::Data(args[0]), Buffer::Length(args[0]),
                      plaintext_len))
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);  // Report invalid state failure
}


CipherBase::UpdateResult CipherBase::Update(const char* data,
                                            int len,
                                            unsigned char** out,
                                            int* out_len) {
  if (ctx_ == nullptr)
    return kErrorState;

  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);

  if (mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE) {
    if (!CheckCCMMessageLength(len))
      return kErrorMessageSize;
  }

  // on first update:
  if (kind_ == kDecipher && IsAuthenticatedMode() && auth_tag_len_ > 0 &&
      auth_tag_len_ != kNoAuthTagLength && !auth_tag_set_) {
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx_,
                        EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_TAG,
                        auth_tag_len_,
                        reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(auth_tag_));
    auth_tag_set_ = true;
  }

  *out_len = len + EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx_);
  *out = Malloc<unsigned char>(static_cast<size_t>(*out_len));
  int r = EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx_,
                           *out,
                           out_len,
                           reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(data),
                           len);

  // When in CCM mode, EVP_CipherUpdate will fail if the authentication tag is
  // invalid. In that case, remember the error and throw in final().
  if (!r && kind_ == kDecipher && mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE) {
    pending_auth_failed_ = true;
    return kSuccess;
  }
  return r == 1 ? kSuccess : kErrorState;
}


void CipherBase::Update(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  unsigned char* out = nullptr;
  UpdateResult r;
  int out_len = 0;

  // Only copy the data if we have to, because it's a string
  if (args[0]->IsString()) {
    StringBytes::InlineDecoder decoder;
    if (!decoder.Decode(env, args[0].As<String>(), args[1], UTF8))
      return;
    r = cipher->Update(decoder.out(), decoder.size(), &out, &out_len);
  } else {
    char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
    size_t buflen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
    r = cipher->Update(buf, buflen, &out, &out_len);
  }

  if (r != kSuccess) {
    free(out);
    if (r == kErrorState) {
      ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(),
                       "Trying to add data in unsupported state");
    }
    return;
  }

  CHECK(out != nullptr || out_len == 0);
  Local<Object> buf =
      Buffer::New(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(out), out_len).ToLocalChecked();

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


bool CipherBase::SetAutoPadding(bool auto_padding) {
  if (ctx_ == nullptr)
    return false;
  return EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding(ctx_, auto_padding);
}


void CipherBase::SetAutoPadding(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());

  if (!cipher->SetAutoPadding(args.Length() < 1 || args[0]->BooleanValue()))
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);  // Report invalid state failure
}


bool CipherBase::Final(unsigned char** out, int *out_len) {
  if (ctx_ == nullptr)
    return false;

  const int mode = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_mode(ctx_);

  *out = Malloc<unsigned char>(
      static_cast<size_t>(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx_)));

  // In CCM mode, final() only checks whether authentication failed in update().
  // EVP_CipherFinal_ex must not be called and will fail.
  bool ok;
  if (kind_ == kDecipher && mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE) {
    ok = !pending_auth_failed_;
  } else {
    ok = EVP_CipherFinal_ex(ctx_, *out, out_len) == 1;

    if (ok && kind_ == kCipher && IsAuthenticatedMode()) {
      // For GCM, the tag length is static (16 bytes), while the CCM tag length
      // must be specified in advance.
      if (mode == EVP_CIPH_GCM_MODE)
        auth_tag_len_ = sizeof(auth_tag_);
      // TOOD(tniessen) Use EVP_CTRL_AEAP_GET_TAG in OpenSSL 1.1.0
      static_assert(EVP_CTRL_CCM_GET_TAG == EVP_CTRL_GCM_GET_TAG,
                    "OpenSSL constants differ between GCM and CCM");
      CHECK_EQ(1, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx_, EVP_CTRL_GCM_GET_TAG, auth_tag_len_,
                      reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(auth_tag_)));
    }
  }

  EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx_);
  ctx_ = nullptr;

  return ok;
}


void CipherBase::Final(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CipherBase* cipher;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&cipher, args.Holder());
  if (cipher->ctx_ == nullptr) return env->ThrowError("Unsupported state");

  unsigned char* out_value = nullptr;
  int out_len = -1;

  // Check IsAuthenticatedMode() first, Final() destroys the EVP_CIPHER_CTX.
  const bool is_auth_mode = cipher->IsAuthenticatedMode();
  bool r = cipher->Final(&out_value, &out_len);

  if (out_len <= 0 || !r) {
    free(out_value);
    out_value = nullptr;
    out_len = 0;
    if (!r) {
      const char* msg = is_auth_mode ?
          "Unsupported state or unable to authenticate data" :
          "Unsupported state";

      return ThrowCryptoError(env,
                              ERR_get_error(),
                              msg);
    }
  }

  Local<Object> buf = Buffer::New(
      env,
      reinterpret_cast<char*>(out_value),
      out_len).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


Hmac::~Hmac() {
  HMAC_CTX_free(ctx_);
}


void Hmac::Initialize(Environment* env, v8::Local<v8::Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", HmacInit);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "update", HmacUpdate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "digest", HmacDigest);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "Hmac"), t->GetFunction());
}


void Hmac::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new Hmac(env, args.This());
}


void Hmac::HmacInit(const char* hash_type, const char* key, int key_len) {
  HandleScope scope(env()->isolate());

  const EVP_MD* md = EVP_get_digestbyname(hash_type);
  if (md == nullptr) {
    return env()->ThrowError("Unknown message digest");
  }
  if (key_len == 0) {
    key = "";
  }
  ctx_ = HMAC_CTX_new();
  if (ctx_ == nullptr ||
      !HMAC_Init_ex(ctx_, key, key_len, md, nullptr)) {
    HMAC_CTX_free(ctx_);
    ctx_ = nullptr;
    return ThrowCryptoError(env(), ERR_get_error());
  }
}


void Hmac::HmacInit(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Hmac* hmac;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&hmac, args.Holder());
  Environment* env = hmac->env();

  const node::Utf8Value hash_type(env->isolate(), args[0]);
  const char* buffer_data = Buffer::Data(args[1]);
  size_t buffer_length = Buffer::Length(args[1]);
  hmac->HmacInit(*hash_type, buffer_data, buffer_length);
}


bool Hmac::HmacUpdate(const char* data, int len) {
  if (ctx_ == nullptr)
    return false;
  int r = HMAC_Update(ctx_, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(data), len);
  return r == 1;
}


void Hmac::HmacUpdate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Hmac* hmac;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&hmac, args.Holder());

  // Only copy the data if we have to, because it's a string
  bool r = true;
  if (args[0]->IsString()) {
    StringBytes::InlineDecoder decoder;
    if (!decoder.Decode(env, args[0].As<String>(), args[1], UTF8)) {
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
      return;
    }
    r = hmac->HmacUpdate(decoder.out(), decoder.size());
  } else if (args[0]->IsArrayBufferView()) {
    char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
    size_t buflen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
    r = hmac->HmacUpdate(buf, buflen);
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(r);
}


void Hmac::HmacDigest(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Hmac* hmac;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&hmac, args.Holder());

  enum encoding encoding = BUFFER;
  if (args.Length() >= 1) {
    encoding = ParseEncoding(env->isolate(), args[0], BUFFER);
  }
  CHECK_NE(encoding, UCS2);  // Digest does not support UTF-16

  unsigned char md_value[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
  unsigned int md_len = 0;

  if (hmac->ctx_ != nullptr) {
    HMAC_Final(hmac->ctx_, md_value, &md_len);
    HMAC_CTX_free(hmac->ctx_);
    hmac->ctx_ = nullptr;
  }

  Local<Value> error;
  MaybeLocal<Value> rc =
      StringBytes::Encode(env->isolate(),
                          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(md_value),
                          md_len,
                          encoding,
                          &error);
  if (rc.IsEmpty()) {
    CHECK(!error.IsEmpty());
    env->isolate()->ThrowException(error);
    return;
  }
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rc.ToLocalChecked());
}


Hash::~Hash() {
  EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
}


void Hash::Initialize(Environment* env, v8::Local<v8::Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "update", HashUpdate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "digest", HashDigest);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "Hash"), t->GetFunction());
}


void Hash::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  const node::Utf8Value hash_type(env->isolate(), args[0]);

  Hash* hash = new Hash(env, args.This());
  if (!hash->HashInit(*hash_type)) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(),
                            "Digest method not supported");
  }
}


bool Hash::HashInit(const char* hash_type) {
  const EVP_MD* md = EVP_get_digestbyname(hash_type);
  if (md == nullptr)
    return false;
  mdctx_ = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
  if (mdctx_ == nullptr ||
      EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx_, md, nullptr) <= 0) {
    EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
    mdctx_ = nullptr;
    return false;
  }
  finalized_ = false;
  return true;
}


bool Hash::HashUpdate(const char* data, int len) {
  if (mdctx_ == nullptr)
    return false;
  EVP_DigestUpdate(mdctx_, data, len);
  return true;
}


void Hash::HashUpdate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Hash* hash;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&hash, args.Holder());

  // Only copy the data if we have to, because it's a string
  bool r = true;
  if (args[0]->IsString()) {
    StringBytes::InlineDecoder decoder;
    if (!decoder.Decode(env, args[0].As<String>(), args[1], UTF8)) {
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
      return;
    }
    r = hash->HashUpdate(decoder.out(), decoder.size());
  } else if (args[0]->IsArrayBufferView()) {
    char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
    size_t buflen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
    r = hash->HashUpdate(buf, buflen);
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(r);
}


void Hash::HashDigest(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Hash* hash;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&hash, args.Holder());

  enum encoding encoding = BUFFER;
  if (args.Length() >= 1) {
    encoding = ParseEncoding(env->isolate(), args[0], BUFFER);
  }

  unsigned char md_value[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
  unsigned int md_len;

  EVP_DigestFinal_ex(hash->mdctx_, md_value, &md_len);
  hash->finalized_ = true;

  Local<Value> error;
  MaybeLocal<Value> rc =
      StringBytes::Encode(env->isolate(),
                          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(md_value),
                          md_len,
                          encoding,
                          &error);
  if (rc.IsEmpty()) {
    CHECK(!error.IsEmpty());
    env->isolate()->ThrowException(error);
    return;
  }
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rc.ToLocalChecked());
}


SignBase::~SignBase() {
  EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
}


SignBase::Error SignBase::Init(const char* sign_type) {
  CHECK_EQ(mdctx_, nullptr);
  // Historically, "dss1" and "DSS1" were DSA aliases for SHA-1
  // exposed through the public API.
  if (strcmp(sign_type, "dss1") == 0 ||
      strcmp(sign_type, "DSS1") == 0) {
    sign_type = "SHA1";
  }
  const EVP_MD* md = EVP_get_digestbyname(sign_type);
  if (md == nullptr)
    return kSignUnknownDigest;

  mdctx_ = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
  if (mdctx_ == nullptr ||
      !EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx_, md, nullptr)) {
    EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
    mdctx_ = nullptr;
    return kSignInit;
  }

  return kSignOk;
}


SignBase::Error SignBase::Update(const char* data, int len) {
  if (mdctx_ == nullptr)
    return kSignNotInitialised;
  if (!EVP_DigestUpdate(mdctx_, data, len))
    return kSignUpdate;
  return kSignOk;
}


void SignBase::CheckThrow(SignBase::Error error) {
  HandleScope scope(env()->isolate());

  switch (error) {
    case kSignUnknownDigest:
      return env()->ThrowError("Unknown message digest");

    case kSignNotInitialised:
      return env()->ThrowError("Not initialised");

    case kSignInit:
    case kSignUpdate:
    case kSignPrivateKey:
    case kSignPublicKey:
      {
        unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        if (err)
          return ThrowCryptoError(env(), err);
        switch (error) {
          case kSignInit:
            return env()->ThrowError("EVP_SignInit_ex failed");
          case kSignUpdate:
            return env()->ThrowError("EVP_SignUpdate failed");
          case kSignPrivateKey:
            return env()->ThrowError("PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey failed");
          case kSignPublicKey:
            return env()->ThrowError("PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY failed");
          default:
            ABORT();
        }
      }

    case kSignOk:
      return;
  }
}

static bool ApplyRSAOptions(EVP_PKEY* pkey, EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkctx, int padding,
                            int salt_len) {
  if (EVP_PKEY_id(pkey) == EVP_PKEY_RSA ||
      EVP_PKEY_id(pkey) == EVP_PKEY_RSA2) {
    if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkctx, padding) <= 0)
      return false;
    if (padding == RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING) {
      if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkctx, salt_len) <= 0)
        return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}


void Sign::Initialize(Environment* env, v8::Local<v8::Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", SignInit);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "update", SignUpdate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "sign", SignFinal);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "Sign"), t->GetFunction());
}


void Sign::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new Sign(env, args.This());
}


void Sign::SignInit(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Sign* sign;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sign, args.Holder());

  const node::Utf8Value sign_type(args.GetIsolate(), args[0]);
  sign->CheckThrow(sign->Init(*sign_type));
}


void Sign::SignUpdate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Sign* sign;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sign, args.Holder());

  Error err;
  char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  size_t buflen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  err = sign->Update(buf, buflen);

  sign->CheckThrow(err);
}

static int Node_SignFinal(EVP_MD_CTX* mdctx, unsigned char* md,
                          unsigned int* sig_len, EVP_PKEY* pkey, int padding,
                          int pss_salt_len) {
  unsigned char m[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
  unsigned int m_len;
  int rv = 0;
  EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkctx = nullptr;

  *sig_len = 0;
  if (!EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx, m, &m_len))
    return rv;

  size_t sltmp = static_cast<size_t>(EVP_PKEY_size(pkey));
  pkctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, nullptr);
  if (pkctx == nullptr)
    goto err;
  if (EVP_PKEY_sign_init(pkctx) <= 0)
    goto err;
  if (!ApplyRSAOptions(pkey, pkctx, padding, pss_salt_len))
    goto err;
  if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_signature_md(pkctx, EVP_MD_CTX_md(mdctx)) <= 0)
    goto err;
  if (EVP_PKEY_sign(pkctx, md, &sltmp, m, m_len) <= 0)
    goto err;
  *sig_len = sltmp;
  rv = 1;
 err:
  EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pkctx);
  return rv;
}

SignBase::Error Sign::SignFinal(const char* key_pem,
                                int key_pem_len,
                                const char* passphrase,
                                unsigned char* sig,
                                unsigned int* sig_len,
                                int padding,
                                int salt_len) {
  if (!mdctx_)
    return kSignNotInitialised;

  BIO* bp = nullptr;
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  bool fatal = true;

  bp = BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(key_pem), key_pem_len);
  if (bp == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  pkey = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bp,
                                 nullptr,
                                 PasswordCallback,
                                 const_cast<char*>(passphrase));

  // Errors might be injected into OpenSSL's error stack
  // without `pkey` being set to nullptr;
  // cf. the test of `test_bad_rsa_privkey.pem` for an example.
  if (pkey == nullptr || 0 != ERR_peek_error())
    goto exit;

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
  /* Validate DSA2 parameters from FIPS 186-4 */
  if (FIPS_mode() && EVP_PKEY_DSA == pkey->type) {
    size_t L = BN_num_bits(pkey->pkey.dsa->p);
    size_t N = BN_num_bits(pkey->pkey.dsa->q);
    bool result = false;

    if (L == 1024 && N == 160)
      result = true;
    else if (L == 2048 && N == 224)
      result = true;
    else if (L == 2048 && N == 256)
      result = true;
    else if (L == 3072 && N == 256)
      result = true;

    if (!result) {
      fatal = true;
      goto exit;
    }
  }
#endif  // NODE_FIPS_MODE

  if (Node_SignFinal(mdctx_, sig, sig_len, pkey, padding, salt_len))
    fatal = false;

 exit:
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
  if (bp != nullptr)
    BIO_free_all(bp);

  EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
  mdctx_ = nullptr;

  if (fatal)
    return kSignPrivateKey;

  return kSignOk;
}


void Sign::SignFinal(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  Sign* sign;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sign, args.Holder());

  unsigned int len = args.Length();

  node::Utf8Value passphrase(env->isolate(), args[1]);

  size_t buf_len = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);

  CHECK(args[2]->IsInt32());
  Maybe<int32_t> maybe_padding = args[2]->Int32Value(env->context());
  CHECK(maybe_padding.IsJust());
  int padding = maybe_padding.ToChecked();

  CHECK(args[3]->IsInt32());
  Maybe<int32_t> maybe_salt_len = args[3]->Int32Value(env->context());
  CHECK(maybe_salt_len.IsJust());
  int salt_len = maybe_salt_len.ToChecked();

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;
  unsigned char md_value[8192];
  unsigned int md_len = sizeof(md_value);

  Error err = sign->SignFinal(
      buf,
      buf_len,
      len >= 2 && !args[1]->IsNull() ? *passphrase : nullptr,
      md_value,
      &md_len,
      padding,
      salt_len);
  if (err != kSignOk)
    return sign->CheckThrow(err);

  Local<Object> rc =
      Buffer::Copy(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(md_value), md_len)
      .ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rc);
}


void Verify::Initialize(Environment* env, v8::Local<v8::Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", VerifyInit);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "update", VerifyUpdate);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "verify", VerifyFinal);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "Verify"),
              t->GetFunction());
}


void Verify::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new Verify(env, args.This());
}


void Verify::VerifyInit(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Verify* verify;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&verify, args.Holder());

  const node::Utf8Value verify_type(args.GetIsolate(), args[0]);
  verify->CheckThrow(verify->Init(*verify_type));
}


void Verify::VerifyUpdate(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Verify* verify;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&verify, args.Holder());

  Error err;
  char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  size_t buflen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  err = verify->Update(buf, buflen);

  verify->CheckThrow(err);
}


SignBase::Error Verify::VerifyFinal(const char* key_pem,
                                    int key_pem_len,
                                    const char* sig,
                                    int siglen,
                                    int padding,
                                    int saltlen,
                                    bool* verify_result) {
  if (!mdctx_)
    return kSignNotInitialised;

  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  BIO* bp = nullptr;
  X509* x509 = nullptr;
  bool fatal = true;
  unsigned char m[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
  unsigned int m_len;
  int r = 0;
  EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkctx = nullptr;

  bp = BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(key_pem), key_pem_len);
  if (bp == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  // Check if this is a PKCS#8 or RSA public key before trying as X.509.
  // Split this out into a separate function once we have more than one
  // consumer of public keys.
  if (strncmp(key_pem, PUBLIC_KEY_PFX, PUBLIC_KEY_PFX_LEN) == 0) {
    pkey = PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(bp, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  } else if (strncmp(key_pem, PUBRSA_KEY_PFX, PUBRSA_KEY_PFX_LEN) == 0) {
    RSA* rsa =
        PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(bp, nullptr, PasswordCallback, nullptr);
    if (rsa) {
      pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
      if (pkey)
        EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
      RSA_free(rsa);
    }
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  } else {
    // X.509 fallback
    x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);
    if (x509 == nullptr)
      goto exit;

    pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509);
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  }

  if (!EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx_, m, &m_len)) {
    goto exit;
  }

  fatal = false;

  pkctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, nullptr);
  if (pkctx == nullptr)
    goto err;
  if (EVP_PKEY_verify_init(pkctx) <= 0)
    goto err;
  if (!ApplyRSAOptions(pkey, pkctx, padding, saltlen))
    goto err;
  if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_signature_md(pkctx, EVP_MD_CTX_md(mdctx_)) <= 0)
    goto err;
  r = EVP_PKEY_verify(pkctx,
                      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(sig),
                      siglen,
                      m,
                      m_len);

 err:
  EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pkctx);

 exit:
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
  if (bp != nullptr)
    BIO_free_all(bp);
  if (x509 != nullptr)
    X509_free(x509);

  EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx_);
  mdctx_ = nullptr;

  if (fatal)
    return kSignPublicKey;

  *verify_result = r == 1;
  return kSignOk;
}


void Verify::VerifyFinal(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  Verify* verify;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&verify, args.Holder());

  char* kbuf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  ssize_t klen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);

  char* hbuf = Buffer::Data(args[1]);
  ssize_t hlen = Buffer::Length(args[1]);

  CHECK(args[2]->IsInt32());
  Maybe<int32_t> maybe_padding = args[2]->Int32Value(env->context());
  CHECK(maybe_padding.IsJust());
  int padding = maybe_padding.ToChecked();

  CHECK(args[3]->IsInt32());
  Maybe<int32_t> maybe_salt_len = args[3]->Int32Value(env->context());
  CHECK(maybe_salt_len.IsJust());
  int salt_len = maybe_salt_len.ToChecked();

  bool verify_result;
  Error err = verify->VerifyFinal(kbuf, klen, hbuf, hlen, padding, salt_len,
                                  &verify_result);
  if (err != kSignOk)
    return verify->CheckThrow(err);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(verify_result);
}


template <PublicKeyCipher::Operation operation,
          PublicKeyCipher::EVP_PKEY_cipher_init_t EVP_PKEY_cipher_init,
          PublicKeyCipher::EVP_PKEY_cipher_t EVP_PKEY_cipher>
bool PublicKeyCipher::Cipher(const char* key_pem,
                             int key_pem_len,
                             const char* passphrase,
                             int padding,
                             const unsigned char* data,
                             int len,
                             unsigned char** out,
                             size_t* out_len) {
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  EVP_PKEY_CTX* ctx = nullptr;
  BIO* bp = nullptr;
  X509* x509 = nullptr;
  bool fatal = true;

  bp = BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(key_pem), key_pem_len);
  if (bp == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  // Check if this is a PKCS#8 or RSA public key before trying as X.509 and
  // private key.
  if (operation == kPublic &&
      strncmp(key_pem, PUBLIC_KEY_PFX, PUBLIC_KEY_PFX_LEN) == 0) {
    pkey = PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(bp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  } else if (operation == kPublic &&
             strncmp(key_pem, PUBRSA_KEY_PFX, PUBRSA_KEY_PFX_LEN) == 0) {
    RSA* rsa = PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(bp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    if (rsa) {
      pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
      if (pkey)
        EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
      RSA_free(rsa);
    }
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  } else if (operation == kPublic &&
             strncmp(key_pem, CERTIFICATE_PFX, CERTIFICATE_PFX_LEN) == 0) {
    x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, nullptr, NoPasswordCallback, nullptr);
    if (x509 == nullptr)
      goto exit;

    pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509);
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  } else {
    pkey = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bp,
                                   nullptr,
                                   PasswordCallback,
                                   const_cast<char*>(passphrase));
    if (pkey == nullptr)
      goto exit;
  }

  ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, nullptr);
  if (!ctx)
    goto exit;
  if (EVP_PKEY_cipher_init(ctx) <= 0)
    goto exit;
  if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(ctx, padding) <= 0)
    goto exit;

  if (EVP_PKEY_cipher(ctx, nullptr, out_len, data, len) <= 0)
    goto exit;

  *out = Malloc<unsigned char>(*out_len);

  if (EVP_PKEY_cipher(ctx, *out, out_len, data, len) <= 0)
    goto exit;

  fatal = false;

 exit:
  if (x509 != nullptr)
    X509_free(x509);
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
  if (bp != nullptr)
    BIO_free_all(bp);
  if (ctx != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);

  return !fatal;
}


template <PublicKeyCipher::Operation operation,
          PublicKeyCipher::EVP_PKEY_cipher_init_t EVP_PKEY_cipher_init,
          PublicKeyCipher::EVP_PKEY_cipher_t EVP_PKEY_cipher>
void PublicKeyCipher::Cipher(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Key");
  char* kbuf = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  ssize_t klen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[1], "Data");
  char* buf = Buffer::Data(args[1]);
  ssize_t len = Buffer::Length(args[1]);

  int padding = args[2]->Uint32Value();

  String::Utf8Value passphrase(args.GetIsolate(), args[3]);

  unsigned char* out_value = nullptr;
  size_t out_len = 0;

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  bool r = Cipher<operation, EVP_PKEY_cipher_init, EVP_PKEY_cipher>(
      kbuf,
      klen,
      args.Length() >= 3 && !args[2]->IsNull() ? *passphrase : nullptr,
      padding,
      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(buf),
      len,
      &out_value,
      &out_len);

  if (out_len == 0 || !r) {
    free(out_value);
    out_value = nullptr;
    out_len = 0;
    if (!r) {
      return ThrowCryptoError(env,
        ERR_get_error());
    }
  }

  Local<Object> vbuf =
      Buffer::New(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(out_value), out_len)
      .ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(vbuf);
}


void DiffieHellman::Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  const PropertyAttribute attributes =
      static_cast<PropertyAttribute>(v8::ReadOnly | v8::DontDelete);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "generateKeys", GenerateKeys);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "computeSecret", ComputeSecret);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPrime", GetPrime);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getGenerator", GetGenerator);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPublicKey", GetPublicKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPrivateKey", GetPrivateKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setPublicKey", SetPublicKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setPrivateKey", SetPrivateKey);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> verify_error_getter_templ =
      FunctionTemplate::New(env->isolate(),
                            DiffieHellman::VerifyErrorGetter,
                            env->as_external(),
                            Signature::New(env->isolate(), t));

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetAccessorProperty(
      env->verify_error_string(),
      verify_error_getter_templ,
      Local<FunctionTemplate>(),
      attributes);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "DiffieHellman"),
              t->GetFunction());

  Local<FunctionTemplate> t2 = env->NewFunctionTemplate(DiffieHellmanGroup);
  t2->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "generateKeys", GenerateKeys);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "computeSecret", ComputeSecret);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "getPrime", GetPrime);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "getGenerator", GetGenerator);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "getPublicKey", GetPublicKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t2, "getPrivateKey", GetPrivateKey);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> verify_error_getter_templ2 =
      FunctionTemplate::New(env->isolate(),
                            DiffieHellman::VerifyErrorGetter,
                            env->as_external(),
                            Signature::New(env->isolate(), t2));

  t2->InstanceTemplate()->SetAccessorProperty(
      env->verify_error_string(),
      verify_error_getter_templ2,
      Local<FunctionTemplate>(),
      attributes);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "DiffieHellmanGroup"),
              t2->GetFunction());
}


bool DiffieHellman::Init(int primeLength, int g) {
  dh = DH_new();
  if (!DH_generate_parameters_ex(dh, primeLength, g, 0))
    return false;
  bool result = VerifyContext();
  if (!result)
    return false;
  initialised_ = true;
  return true;
}


bool DiffieHellman::Init(const char* p, int p_len, int g) {
  dh = DH_new();
  BIGNUM* bn_p =
      BN_bin2bn(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p), p_len, nullptr);
  BIGNUM* bn_g = BN_new();
  if (!BN_set_word(bn_g, g) ||
      !DH_set0_pqg(dh, bn_p, nullptr, bn_g)) {
    BN_free(bn_p);
    BN_free(bn_g);
    return false;
  }
  bool result = VerifyContext();
  if (!result)
    return false;
  initialised_ = true;
  return true;
}


bool DiffieHellman::Init(const char* p, int p_len, const char* g, int g_len) {
  dh = DH_new();
  BIGNUM *bn_p = BN_bin2bn(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p), p_len, 0);
  BIGNUM *bn_g = BN_bin2bn(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(g), g_len, 0);
  if (!DH_set0_pqg(dh, bn_p, nullptr, bn_g)) {
    BN_free(bn_p);
    BN_free(bn_g);
    return false;
  }
  bool result = VerifyContext();
  if (!result)
    return false;
  initialised_ = true;
  return true;
}


void DiffieHellman::DiffieHellmanGroup(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  DiffieHellman* diffieHellman = new DiffieHellman(env, args.This());

  if (args.Length() != 1) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, "Group name argument is mandatory");
  }

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[0], "Group name");

  bool initialized = false;

  const node::Utf8Value group_name(env->isolate(), args[0]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(modp_groups); ++i) {
    const modp_group* it = modp_groups + i;

    if (!StringEqualNoCase(*group_name, it->name))
      continue;

    initialized = diffieHellman->Init(it->prime,
                                      it->prime_size,
                                      it->gen,
                                      it->gen_size);
    if (!initialized)
      env->ThrowError("Initialization failed");
    return;
  }

  env->ThrowError("Unknown group");
}


void DiffieHellman::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  DiffieHellman* diffieHellman =
      new DiffieHellman(env, args.This());
  bool initialized = false;

  if (args.Length() == 2) {
    if (args[0]->IsInt32()) {
      if (args[1]->IsInt32()) {
        initialized = diffieHellman->Init(args[0]->Int32Value(),
                                          args[1]->Int32Value());
      }
    } else {
      if (args[1]->IsInt32()) {
        initialized = diffieHellman->Init(Buffer::Data(args[0]),
                                          Buffer::Length(args[0]),
                                          args[1]->Int32Value());
      } else {
        initialized = diffieHellman->Init(Buffer::Data(args[0]),
                                          Buffer::Length(args[0]),
                                          Buffer::Data(args[1]),
                                          Buffer::Length(args[1]));
      }
    }
  }

  if (!initialized) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Initialization failed");
  }
}


void DiffieHellman::GenerateKeys(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  DiffieHellman* diffieHellman;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&diffieHellman, args.Holder());

  if (!diffieHellman->initialised_) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Not initialized");
  }

  if (!DH_generate_key(diffieHellman->dh)) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Key generation failed");
  }

  const BIGNUM* pub_key;
  DH_get0_key(diffieHellman->dh, &pub_key, nullptr);
  size_t size = BN_num_bytes(pub_key);
  char* data = Malloc(size);
  BN_bn2bin(pub_key, reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(data));
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Buffer::New(env, data, size).ToLocalChecked());
}


void DiffieHellman::GetField(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
                             const BIGNUM* (*get_field)(const DH*),
                             const char* err_if_null) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  DiffieHellman* dh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&dh, args.Holder());
  if (!dh->initialised_) return env->ThrowError("Not initialized");

  const BIGNUM* num = get_field(dh->dh);
  if (num == nullptr) return env->ThrowError(err_if_null);

  size_t size = BN_num_bytes(num);
  char* data = Malloc(size);
  BN_bn2bin(num, reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(data));
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Buffer::New(env, data, size).ToLocalChecked());
}

void DiffieHellman::GetPrime(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  GetField(args, [](const DH* dh) -> const BIGNUM* {
    const BIGNUM* p;
    DH_get0_pqg(dh, &p, nullptr, nullptr);
    return p;
  }, "p is null");
}


void DiffieHellman::GetGenerator(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  GetField(args, [](const DH* dh) -> const BIGNUM* {
    const BIGNUM* g;
    DH_get0_pqg(dh, nullptr, nullptr, &g);
    return g;
  }, "g is null");
}


void DiffieHellman::GetPublicKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  GetField(args, [](const DH* dh) -> const BIGNUM* {
    const BIGNUM* pub_key;
    DH_get0_key(dh, &pub_key, nullptr);
    return pub_key;
  }, "No public key - did you forget to generate one?");
}


void DiffieHellman::GetPrivateKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  GetField(args, [](const DH* dh) -> const BIGNUM* {
    const BIGNUM* priv_key;
    DH_get0_key(dh, nullptr, &priv_key);
    return priv_key;
  }, "No private key - did you forget to generate one?");
}


void DiffieHellman::ComputeSecret(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  DiffieHellman* diffieHellman;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&diffieHellman, args.Holder());

  if (!diffieHellman->initialised_) {
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Not initialized");
  }

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;
  BIGNUM* key = nullptr;

  if (args.Length() == 0) {
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(
        env, "Other party's public key argument is mandatory");
  } else {
    THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Other party's public key");
    key = BN_bin2bn(
        reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(args[0])),
        Buffer::Length(args[0]),
        0);
  }

  int dataSize = DH_size(diffieHellman->dh);
  char* data = Malloc(dataSize);

  int size = DH_compute_key(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(data),
                            key,
                            diffieHellman->dh);

  if (size == -1) {
    int checkResult;
    int checked;

    checked = DH_check_pub_key(diffieHellman->dh, key, &checkResult);
    BN_free(key);
    free(data);

    if (!checked) {
      return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Invalid Key");
    } else if (checkResult) {
      if (checkResult & DH_CHECK_PUBKEY_TOO_SMALL) {
        return env->ThrowError("Supplied key is too small");
      } else if (checkResult & DH_CHECK_PUBKEY_TOO_LARGE) {
        return env->ThrowError("Supplied key is too large");
      } else {
        return env->ThrowError("Invalid key");
      }
    } else {
      return env->ThrowError("Invalid key");
    }

    UNREACHABLE();
  }

  BN_free(key);
  CHECK_GE(size, 0);

  // DH_size returns number of bytes in a prime number
  // DH_compute_key returns number of bytes in a remainder of exponent, which
  // may have less bytes than a prime number. Therefore add 0-padding to the
  // allocated buffer.
  if (size != dataSize) {
    CHECK(dataSize > size);
    memmove(data + dataSize - size, data, size);
    memset(data, 0, dataSize - size);
  }

  auto rc = Buffer::New(env->isolate(), data, dataSize).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(rc);
}

void DiffieHellman::SetKey(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args,
                           int (*set_field)(DH*, BIGNUM*), const char* what) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  DiffieHellman* dh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&dh, args.Holder());
  if (!dh->initialised_) return env->ThrowError("Not initialized");

  char errmsg[64];

  if (args.Length() == 0) {
    snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "%s argument is mandatory", what);
    return THROW_ERR_MISSING_ARGS(env, errmsg);
  }

  if (!Buffer::HasInstance(args[0])) {
    snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "%s must be a buffer", what);
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(env, errmsg);
  }

  BIGNUM* num =
      BN_bin2bn(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(args[0])),
                Buffer::Length(args[0]), nullptr);
  CHECK_NE(num, nullptr);
  CHECK_EQ(1, set_field(dh->dh, num));
}


void DiffieHellman::SetPublicKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  SetKey(args,
         [](DH* dh, BIGNUM* num) { return DH_set0_key(dh, num, nullptr); },
         "Public key");
}

void DiffieHellman::SetPrivateKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000L && \
    OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100070L
// Older versions of OpenSSL 1.1.0 have a DH_set0_key which does not work for
// Node. See https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/4384.
#error "OpenSSL 1.1.0 revisions before 1.1.0g are not supported"
#endif
  SetKey(args,
         [](DH* dh, BIGNUM* num) { return DH_set0_key(dh, nullptr, num); },
         "Private key");
}


void DiffieHellman::VerifyErrorGetter(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  HandleScope scope(args.GetIsolate());

  DiffieHellman* diffieHellman;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&diffieHellman, args.Holder());

  if (!diffieHellman->initialised_)
    return ThrowCryptoError(diffieHellman->env(), ERR_get_error(),
                            "Not initialized");

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(diffieHellman->verifyError_);
}


bool DiffieHellman::VerifyContext() {
  int codes;
  if (!DH_check(dh, &codes))
    return false;
  verifyError_ = codes;
  return true;
}


void ECDH::Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  HandleScope scope(env->isolate());

  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);

  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "generateKeys", GenerateKeys);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "computeSecret", ComputeSecret);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPublicKey", GetPublicKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "getPrivateKey", GetPrivateKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setPublicKey", SetPublicKey);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "setPrivateKey", SetPrivateKey);

  target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "ECDH"),
              t->GetFunction());
}


void ECDH::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  // TODO(indutny): Support raw curves?
  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_STRING(env, args[0], "ECDH curve name");
  node::Utf8Value curve(env->isolate(), args[0]);

  int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(*curve);
  if (nid == NID_undef)
    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(env,
        "First argument should be a valid curve name");

  EC_KEY* key = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid);
  if (key == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to create EC_KEY using curve name");

  new ECDH(env, args.This(), key);
}


void ECDH::GenerateKeys(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  if (!EC_KEY_generate_key(ecdh->key_))
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to generate EC_KEY");
}


EC_POINT* ECDH::BufferToPoint(Environment* env,
                              const EC_GROUP* group,
                              char* data,
                              size_t len) {
  EC_POINT* pub;
  int r;

  pub = EC_POINT_new(group);
  if (pub == nullptr) {
    env->ThrowError("Failed to allocate EC_POINT for a public key");
    return nullptr;
  }

  r = EC_POINT_oct2point(
      group,
      pub,
      reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(data),
      len,
      nullptr);
  if (!r) {
    EC_POINT_free(pub);
    return nullptr;
  }

  return pub;
}


void ECDH::ComputeSecret(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Data");

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  if (!ecdh->IsKeyPairValid())
    return env->ThrowError("Invalid key pair");

  EC_POINT* pub = ECDH::BufferToPoint(env,
                                      ecdh->group_,
                                      Buffer::Data(args[0]),
                                      Buffer::Length(args[0]));
  if (pub == nullptr) {
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(
        FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(),
        "ERR_CRYPTO_ECDH_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY"));
    return;
  }

  // NOTE: field_size is in bits
  int field_size = EC_GROUP_get_degree(ecdh->group_);
  size_t out_len = (field_size + 7) / 8;
  char* out = node::Malloc(out_len);

  int r = ECDH_compute_key(out, out_len, pub, ecdh->key_, nullptr);
  EC_POINT_free(pub);
  if (!r) {
    free(out);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to compute ECDH key");
  }

  Local<Object> buf = Buffer::New(env, out, out_len).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


void ECDH::GetPublicKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  // Conversion form
  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 1);

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  const EC_POINT* pub = EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ecdh->key_);
  if (pub == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get ECDH public key");

  int size;
  point_conversion_form_t form =
      static_cast<point_conversion_form_t>(args[0]->Uint32Value());

  size = EC_POINT_point2oct(ecdh->group_, pub, form, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
  if (size == 0)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get public key length");

  unsigned char* out = node::Malloc<unsigned char>(size);

  int r = EC_POINT_point2oct(ecdh->group_, pub, form, out, size, nullptr);
  if (r != size) {
    free(out);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get public key");
  }

  Local<Object> buf =
      Buffer::New(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(out), size).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


void ECDH::GetPrivateKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  const BIGNUM* b = EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ecdh->key_);
  if (b == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get ECDH private key");

  int size = BN_num_bytes(b);
  unsigned char* out = node::Malloc<unsigned char>(size);

  if (size != BN_bn2bin(b, out)) {
    free(out);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to convert ECDH private key to Buffer");
  }

  Local<Object> buf =
      Buffer::New(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(out), size).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


void ECDH::SetPrivateKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Private key");

  BIGNUM* priv = BN_bin2bn(
      reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(Buffer::Data(args[0].As<Object>())),
      Buffer::Length(args[0].As<Object>()),
      nullptr);
  if (priv == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to convert Buffer to BN");

  if (!ecdh->IsKeyValidForCurve(priv)) {
    BN_free(priv);
    return env->ThrowError("Private key is not valid for specified curve.");
  }

  int result = EC_KEY_set_private_key(ecdh->key_, priv);
  BN_free(priv);

  if (!result) {
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to convert BN to a private key");
  }

  // To avoid inconsistency, clear the current public key in-case computing
  // the new one fails for some reason.
  EC_KEY_set_public_key(ecdh->key_, nullptr);

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;
  USE(&mark_pop_error_on_return);

  const BIGNUM* priv_key = EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ecdh->key_);
  CHECK_NE(priv_key, nullptr);

  EC_POINT* pub = EC_POINT_new(ecdh->group_);
  CHECK_NE(pub, nullptr);

  if (!EC_POINT_mul(ecdh->group_, pub, priv_key, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)) {
    EC_POINT_free(pub);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to generate ECDH public key");
  }

  if (!EC_KEY_set_public_key(ecdh->key_, pub)) {
    EC_POINT_free(pub);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to set generated public key");
  }

  EC_POINT_free(pub);
}


void ECDH::SetPublicKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  ECDH* ecdh;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&ecdh, args.Holder());

  THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[0], "Public key");

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  EC_POINT* pub = ECDH::BufferToPoint(env,
                                      ecdh->group_,
                                      Buffer::Data(args[0].As<Object>()),
                                      Buffer::Length(args[0].As<Object>()));
  if (pub == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to convert Buffer to EC_POINT");

  int r = EC_KEY_set_public_key(ecdh->key_, pub);
  EC_POINT_free(pub);
  if (!r)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to set EC_POINT as the public key");
}


bool ECDH::IsKeyValidForCurve(const BIGNUM* private_key) {
  CHECK_NE(group_, nullptr);
  CHECK_NE(private_key, nullptr);
  // Private keys must be in the range [1, n-1].
  // Ref: Section 3.2.1 - http://www.secg.org/sec1-v2.pdf
  if (BN_cmp(private_key, BN_value_one()) < 0) {
    return false;
  }
  BIGNUM* order = BN_new();
  CHECK_NE(order, nullptr);
  bool result = EC_GROUP_get_order(group_, order, nullptr) &&
                BN_cmp(private_key, order) < 0;
  BN_free(order);
  return result;
}


bool ECDH::IsKeyPairValid() {
  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;
  USE(&mark_pop_error_on_return);
  return 1 == EC_KEY_check_key(key_);
}


class PBKDF2Request : public AsyncWrap {
 public:
  PBKDF2Request(Environment* env,
                Local<Object> object,
                const EVP_MD* digest,
                int passlen,
                char* pass,
                int saltlen,
                char* salt,
                int iter,
                int keylen)
      : AsyncWrap(env, object, AsyncWrap::PROVIDER_PBKDF2REQUEST),
        digest_(digest),
        success_(false),
        passlen_(passlen),
        pass_(pass),
        saltlen_(saltlen),
        salt_(salt),
        keylen_(keylen),
        key_(node::Malloc(keylen)),
        iter_(iter) {
    Wrap(object, this);
  }

  ~PBKDF2Request() override {
    free(pass_);
    pass_ = nullptr;
    passlen_ = 0;

    free(salt_);
    salt_ = nullptr;
    saltlen_ = 0;

    free(key_);
    key_ = nullptr;
    keylen_ = 0;

    ClearWrap(object());
  }

  uv_work_t* work_req() {
    return &work_req_;
  }

  size_t self_size() const override { return sizeof(*this); }

  static void Work(uv_work_t* work_req);
  void Work();

  static void After(uv_work_t* work_req, int status);
  void After(Local<Value> (*argv)[2]);
  void After();

 private:
  uv_work_t work_req_;
  const EVP_MD* digest_;
  bool success_;
  int passlen_;
  char* pass_;
  int saltlen_;
  char* salt_;
  int keylen_;
  char* key_;
  int iter_;
};


void PBKDF2Request::Work() {
  success_ =
      PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(
          pass_, passlen_, reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(salt_), saltlen_,
          iter_, digest_, keylen_, reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(key_));
  OPENSSL_cleanse(pass_, passlen_);
  OPENSSL_cleanse(salt_, saltlen_);
}


void PBKDF2Request::Work(uv_work_t* work_req) {
  PBKDF2Request* req = ContainerOf(&PBKDF2Request::work_req_, work_req);
  req->Work();
}


void PBKDF2Request::After(Local<Value> (*argv)[2]) {
  if (success_) {
    (*argv)[0] = Null(env()->isolate());
    (*argv)[1] = Buffer::New(env(), key_, keylen_).ToLocalChecked();
    key_ = nullptr;
    keylen_ = 0;
  } else {
    (*argv)[0] = Exception::Error(env()->pbkdf2_error_string());
    (*argv)[1] = Undefined(env()->isolate());
  }
}


void PBKDF2Request::After() {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env()->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env()->context());
  Local<Value> argv[2];
  After(&argv);
  MakeCallback(env()->ondone_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);
}


void PBKDF2Request::After(uv_work_t* work_req, int status) {
  CHECK_EQ(status, 0);
  std::unique_ptr<PBKDF2Request> req(
      ContainerOf(&PBKDF2Request::work_req_, work_req));
  req->After();
}


void PBKDF2(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  const EVP_MD* digest = nullptr;
  char* pass = nullptr;
  char* salt = nullptr;
  int passlen = -1;
  int saltlen = -1;
  double raw_keylen = -1;
  int keylen = -1;
  int iter = -1;
  Local<Object> obj;

  passlen = Buffer::Length(args[0]);

  pass = node::Malloc(passlen);
  memcpy(pass, Buffer::Data(args[0]), passlen);

  saltlen = Buffer::Length(args[1]);

  salt = node::Malloc(saltlen);
  memcpy(salt, Buffer::Data(args[1]), saltlen);

  iter = args[2]->Int32Value();

  raw_keylen = args[3]->NumberValue();

  keylen = static_cast<int>(raw_keylen);

  if (args[4]->IsString()) {
    node::Utf8Value digest_name(env->isolate(), args[4]);
    digest = EVP_get_digestbyname(*digest_name);
    if (digest == nullptr) {
      free(salt);
      free(pass);
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1);
      return;
    }
  }

  if (digest == nullptr) {
    digest = EVP_sha1();
  }

  obj = env->pbkdf2_constructor_template()->
      NewInstance(env->context()).ToLocalChecked();
  std::unique_ptr<PBKDF2Request> req(
      new PBKDF2Request(env, obj, digest, passlen, pass, saltlen, salt, iter,
                        keylen));

  if (args[5]->IsFunction()) {
    obj->Set(env->context(), env->ondone_string(), args[5]).FromJust();

    uv_queue_work(env->event_loop(),
                  req.release()->work_req(),
                  PBKDF2Request::Work,
                  PBKDF2Request::After);
  } else {
    env->PrintSyncTrace();
    req->Work();
    Local<Value> argv[2];
    req->After(&argv);

    if (argv[0]->IsObject())
      env->isolate()->ThrowException(argv[0]);
    else
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(argv[1]);
  }
}


// Only instantiate within a valid HandleScope.
class RandomBytesRequest : public AsyncWrap {
 public:
  enum FreeMode { FREE_DATA, DONT_FREE_DATA };

  RandomBytesRequest(Environment* env,
                     Local<Object> object,
                     size_t size,
                     char* data,
                     FreeMode free_mode)
      : AsyncWrap(env, object, AsyncWrap::PROVIDER_RANDOMBYTESREQUEST),
        error_(0),
        size_(size),
        data_(data),
        free_mode_(free_mode) {
    Wrap(object, this);
  }

  ~RandomBytesRequest() override {
    ClearWrap(object());
  }

  uv_work_t* work_req() {
    return &work_req_;
  }

  inline size_t size() const {
    return size_;
  }

  inline char* data() const {
    return data_;
  }

  inline void set_data(char* data) {
    data_ = data;
  }

  inline void release() {
    size_ = 0;
    if (free_mode_ == FREE_DATA) {
      free(data_);
      data_ = nullptr;
    }
  }

  inline void return_memory(char** d, size_t* len) {
    *d = data_;
    data_ = nullptr;
    *len = size_;
    size_ = 0;
  }

  inline unsigned long error() const {  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    return error_;
  }

  inline void set_error(unsigned long err) {  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    error_ = err;
  }

  size_t self_size() const override { return sizeof(*this); }

  uv_work_t work_req_;

 private:
  unsigned long error_;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  size_t size_;
  char* data_;
  const FreeMode free_mode_;
};


void RandomBytesWork(uv_work_t* work_req) {
  RandomBytesRequest* req =
      ContainerOf(&RandomBytesRequest::work_req_, work_req);

  // Ensure that OpenSSL's PRNG is properly seeded.
  CheckEntropy();

  const int r = RAND_bytes(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(req->data()),
                           req->size());

  // RAND_bytes() returns 0 on error.
  if (r == 0) {
    req->set_error(ERR_get_error());  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  } else if (r == -1) {
    req->set_error(static_cast<unsigned long>(-1));  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  }
}


// don't call this function without a valid HandleScope
void RandomBytesCheck(RandomBytesRequest* req, Local<Value> (*argv)[2]) {
  if (req->error()) {
    char errmsg[256] = "Operation not supported";

    if (req->error() != static_cast<unsigned long>(-1))  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
      ERR_error_string_n(req->error(), errmsg, sizeof errmsg);

    (*argv)[0] = Exception::Error(OneByteString(req->env()->isolate(), errmsg));
    (*argv)[1] = Null(req->env()->isolate());
    req->release();
  } else {
    char* data = nullptr;
    size_t size;
    req->return_memory(&data, &size);
    (*argv)[0] = Null(req->env()->isolate());
    Local<Value> buffer =
        req->object()->Get(req->env()->context(),
                           req->env()->buffer_string()).ToLocalChecked();

    if (buffer->IsArrayBufferView()) {
      CHECK_LE(req->size(), Buffer::Length(buffer));
      char* buf = Buffer::Data(buffer);
      memcpy(buf, data, req->size());
      (*argv)[1] = buffer;
    } else {
      (*argv)[1] = Buffer::New(req->env(), data, size)
          .ToLocalChecked();
    }
  }
}


void RandomBytesAfter(uv_work_t* work_req, int status) {
  CHECK_EQ(status, 0);
  std::unique_ptr<RandomBytesRequest> req(
      ContainerOf(&RandomBytesRequest::work_req_, work_req));
  Environment* env = req->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());
  Local<Value> argv[2];
  RandomBytesCheck(req.get(), &argv);
  req->MakeCallback(env->ondone_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);
}


void RandomBytesProcessSync(Environment* env,
                            std::unique_ptr<RandomBytesRequest> req,
                            Local<Value> (*argv)[2]) {
  env->PrintSyncTrace();
  RandomBytesWork(req->work_req());
  RandomBytesCheck(req.get(), argv);

  if (!(*argv)[0]->IsNull())
    env->isolate()->ThrowException((*argv)[0]);
}


void RandomBytes(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  const int64_t size = args[0]->IntegerValue();
  CHECK(size <= Buffer::kMaxLength);

  Local<Object> obj = env->randombytes_constructor_template()->
      NewInstance(env->context()).ToLocalChecked();
  char* data = node::Malloc(size);
  std::unique_ptr<RandomBytesRequest> req(
      new RandomBytesRequest(env,
                             obj,
                             size,
                             data,
                             RandomBytesRequest::FREE_DATA));

  if (args[1]->IsFunction()) {
    obj->Set(env->context(), env->ondone_string(), args[1]).FromJust();

    uv_queue_work(env->event_loop(),
                  req.release()->work_req(),
                  RandomBytesWork,
                  RandomBytesAfter);
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(obj);
  } else {
    Local<Value> argv[2];
    RandomBytesProcessSync(env, std::move(req), &argv);
    if (argv[0]->IsNull())
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(argv[1]);
  }
}


void RandomBytesBuffer(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CHECK(args[0]->IsArrayBufferView());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsUint32());
  CHECK(args[2]->IsUint32());

  int64_t offset = args[1]->IntegerValue();
  int64_t size = args[2]->IntegerValue();

  Local<Object> obj = env->randombytes_constructor_template()->
      NewInstance(env->context()).ToLocalChecked();
  obj->Set(env->context(), env->buffer_string(), args[0]).FromJust();
  char* data = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  data += offset;

  std::unique_ptr<RandomBytesRequest> req(
      new RandomBytesRequest(env,
                             obj,
                             size,
                             data,
                             RandomBytesRequest::DONT_FREE_DATA));
  if (args[3]->IsFunction()) {
    obj->Set(env->context(), env->ondone_string(), args[3]).FromJust();

    uv_queue_work(env->event_loop(),
                  req.release()->work_req(),
                  RandomBytesWork,
                  RandomBytesAfter);
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(obj);
  } else {
    Local<Value> argv[2];
    RandomBytesProcessSync(env, std::move(req), &argv);
    if (argv[0]->IsNull())
      args.GetReturnValue().Set(argv[1]);
  }
}


void GetSSLCiphers(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  SSL_CTX* ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
  CHECK_NE(ctx, nullptr);

  SSL* ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
  CHECK_NE(ssl, nullptr);

  Local<Array> arr = Array::New(env->isolate());
  STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER)* ciphers = SSL_get_ciphers(ssl);

  for (int i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(ciphers); ++i) {
    const SSL_CIPHER* cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(ciphers, i);
    arr->Set(env->context(),
             i,
             OneByteString(args.GetIsolate(),
                           SSL_CIPHER_get_name(cipher))).FromJust();
  }

  SSL_free(ssl);
  SSL_CTX_free(ctx);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(arr);
}


class CipherPushContext {
 public:
  explicit CipherPushContext(Environment* env)
      : arr(Array::New(env->isolate())),
        env_(env) {
  }

  inline Environment* env() const { return env_; }

  Local<Array> arr;

 private:
  Environment* env_;
};


template <class TypeName>
static void array_push_back(const TypeName* md,
                            const char* from,
                            const char* to,
                            void* arg) {
  CipherPushContext* ctx = static_cast<CipherPushContext*>(arg);
  ctx->arr->Set(ctx->arr->Length(), OneByteString(ctx->env()->isolate(), from));
}


void GetCiphers(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CipherPushContext ctx(env);
  EVP_CIPHER_do_all_sorted(array_push_back<EVP_CIPHER>, &ctx);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(ctx.arr);
}


void GetHashes(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CipherPushContext ctx(env);
  EVP_MD_do_all_sorted(array_push_back<EVP_MD>, &ctx);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(ctx.arr);
}


void GetCurves(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  const size_t num_curves = EC_get_builtin_curves(nullptr, 0);
  Local<Array> arr = Array::New(env->isolate(), num_curves);
  EC_builtin_curve* curves;

  if (num_curves) {
    curves = node::Malloc<EC_builtin_curve>(num_curves);

    if (EC_get_builtin_curves(curves, num_curves)) {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < num_curves; i++) {
        arr->Set(env->context(),
                 i,
                 OneByteString(env->isolate(),
                               OBJ_nid2sn(curves[i].nid))).FromJust();
      }
    }

    free(curves);
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(arr);
}


bool VerifySpkac(const char* data, unsigned int len) {
  bool i = 0;
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  NETSCAPE_SPKI* spki = nullptr;

  spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(data, len);
  if (spki == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  pkey = X509_PUBKEY_get(spki->spkac->pubkey);
  if (pkey == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  i = NETSCAPE_SPKI_verify(spki, pkey) > 0;

 exit:
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);

  if (spki != nullptr)
    NETSCAPE_SPKI_free(spki);

  return i;
}


void VerifySpkac(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  bool i = false;

  size_t length = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  if (length == 0)
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(i);

  char* data = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  CHECK_NE(data, nullptr);

  i = VerifySpkac(data, length);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(i);
}


char* ExportPublicKey(const char* data, int len, size_t* size) {
  char* buf = nullptr;
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
  NETSCAPE_SPKI* spki = nullptr;

  BIO* bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
  if (bio == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(data, len);
  if (spki == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  pkey = NETSCAPE_SPKI_get_pubkey(spki);
  if (pkey == nullptr)
    goto exit;

  if (PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(bio, pkey) <= 0)
    goto exit;

  BUF_MEM* ptr;
  BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &ptr);

  *size = ptr->length;
  buf = Malloc(*size);
  memcpy(buf, ptr->data, *size);

 exit:
  if (pkey != nullptr)
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);

  if (spki != nullptr)
    NETSCAPE_SPKI_free(spki);

  if (bio != nullptr)
    BIO_free_all(bio);

  return buf;
}


void ExportPublicKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  size_t length = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  if (length == 0)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetEmptyString();

  char* data = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  CHECK_NE(data, nullptr);

  size_t pkey_size;
  char* pkey = ExportPublicKey(data, length, &pkey_size);
  if (pkey == nullptr)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetEmptyString();

  Local<Value> out = Buffer::New(env, pkey, pkey_size).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(out);
}


const char* ExportChallenge(const char* data, int len) {
  NETSCAPE_SPKI* sp = nullptr;

  sp = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(data, len);
  if (sp == nullptr)
    return nullptr;

  unsigned char* buf = nullptr;
  ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(&buf, sp->spkac->challenge);

  NETSCAPE_SPKI_free(sp);

  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf);
}


void ExportChallenge(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  size_t len = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  if (len == 0)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetEmptyString();

  char* data = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  CHECK_NE(data, nullptr);

  const char* cert = ExportChallenge(data, len);
  if (cert == nullptr)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetEmptyString();

  Local<Value> outString = Encode(env->isolate(), cert, strlen(cert), BUFFER);

  OPENSSL_free(const_cast<char*>(cert));

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(outString);
}


// Convert the input public key to compressed, uncompressed, or hybrid formats.
void ConvertKey(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 3);

  size_t len = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  if (len == 0)
    return args.GetReturnValue().SetEmptyString();

  node::Utf8Value curve(env->isolate(), args[1]);

  int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(*curve);
  if (nid == NID_undef)
    return env->ThrowTypeError("Invalid ECDH curve name");

  EC_GROUP* group = EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(nid);
  if (group == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get EC_GROUP");

  EC_POINT* pub = ECDH::BufferToPoint(env,
                                      group,
                                      Buffer::Data(args[0]),
                                      len);

  std::shared_ptr<void> cleanup(nullptr, [group, pub] (...) {
    EC_GROUP_free(group);
    EC_POINT_free(pub);
  });

  if (pub == nullptr)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to convert Buffer to EC_POINT");

  point_conversion_form_t form =
      static_cast<point_conversion_form_t>(args[2]->Uint32Value());

  int size = EC_POINT_point2oct(group, pub, form, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
  if (size == 0)
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get public key length");

  unsigned char* out = node::Malloc<unsigned char>(size);

  int r = EC_POINT_point2oct(group, pub, form, out, size, nullptr);
  if (r != size) {
    free(out);
    return env->ThrowError("Failed to get public key");
  }

  Local<Object> buf =
      Buffer::New(env, reinterpret_cast<char*>(out), size).ToLocalChecked();
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(buf);
}


void TimingSafeEqual(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CHECK(Buffer::HasInstance(args[0]));
  CHECK(Buffer::HasInstance(args[1]));

  size_t buf_length = Buffer::Length(args[0]);
  CHECK_EQ(buf_length, Buffer::Length(args[1]));

  const char* buf1 = Buffer::Data(args[0]);
  const char* buf2 = Buffer::Data(args[1]);

  return args.GetReturnValue().Set(CRYPTO_memcmp(buf1, buf2, buf_length) == 0);
}

void InitCryptoOnce() {
  SSL_load_error_strings();
  OPENSSL_no_config();

  // --openssl-config=...
  if (!openssl_config.empty()) {
    OPENSSL_load_builtin_modules();
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
    ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
#endif
    ERR_clear_error();
    CONF_modules_load_file(
        openssl_config.c_str(),
        nullptr,
        CONF_MFLAGS_DEFAULT_SECTION);
    int err = ERR_get_error();
    if (0 != err) {
      fprintf(stderr,
              "openssl config failed: %s\n",
              ERR_error_string(err, nullptr));
      CHECK_NE(err, 0);
    }
  }

  SSL_library_init();
  OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
  /* Override FIPS settings in cnf file, if needed. */
  unsigned long err = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  if (enable_fips_crypto || force_fips_crypto) {
    if (0 == FIPS_mode() && !FIPS_mode_set(1)) {
      err = ERR_get_error();
    }
  }
  if (0 != err) {
    fprintf(stderr,
            "openssl fips failed: %s\n",
            ERR_error_string(err, nullptr));
    UNREACHABLE();
  }
#endif  // NODE_FIPS_MODE


  // Turn off compression. Saves memory and protects against CRIME attacks.
  // No-op with OPENSSL_NO_COMP builds of OpenSSL.
  sk_SSL_COMP_zero(SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods());

#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
  ERR_load_ENGINE_strings();
  ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
}


#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
void SetEngine(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CHECK(args.Length() >= 2 && args[0]->IsString());
  unsigned int flags = args[1]->Uint32Value();

  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;

  // Load engine.
  const node::Utf8Value engine_id(env->isolate(), args[0]);
  char errmsg[1024];
  ENGINE* engine = LoadEngineById(*engine_id, &errmsg);

  if (engine == nullptr) {
    int err = ERR_get_error();
    if (err == 0)
      return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
  }

  int r = ENGINE_set_default(engine, flags);
  ENGINE_free(engine);
  if (r == 0)
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error());

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
}
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
void GetFipsCrypto(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(FIPS_mode() ? 1 : 0);
}

void SetFipsCrypto(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CHECK(!force_fips_crypto);
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  const bool enabled = FIPS_mode();
  const bool enable = args[0]->BooleanValue();
  if (enable == enabled)
    return;  // No action needed.
  if (!FIPS_mode_set(enable)) {
    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
  }
}
#endif /* NODE_FIPS_MODE */

void Initialize(Local<Object> target,
                Local<Value> unused,
                Local<Context> context,
                void* priv) {
  static uv_once_t init_once = UV_ONCE_INIT;
  uv_once(&init_once, InitCryptoOnce);

  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(context);
  SecureContext::Initialize(env, target);
  CipherBase::Initialize(env, target);
  DiffieHellman::Initialize(env, target);
  ECDH::Initialize(env, target);
  Hmac::Initialize(env, target);
  Hash::Initialize(env, target);
  Sign::Initialize(env, target);
  Verify::Initialize(env, target);

  env->SetMethod(target, "certVerifySpkac", VerifySpkac);
  env->SetMethod(target, "certExportPublicKey", ExportPublicKey);
  env->SetMethod(target, "certExportChallenge", ExportChallenge);

  env->SetMethod(target, "ECDHConvertKey", ConvertKey);
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
  env->SetMethod(target, "setEngine", SetEngine);
#endif  // !OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE

#ifdef NODE_FIPS_MODE
  env->SetMethod(target, "getFipsCrypto", GetFipsCrypto);
  env->SetMethod(target, "setFipsCrypto", SetFipsCrypto);
#endif

  env->SetMethod(target, "PBKDF2", PBKDF2);
  env->SetMethod(target, "randomBytes", RandomBytes);
  env->SetMethod(target, "randomFill", RandomBytesBuffer);
  env->SetMethod(target, "timingSafeEqual", TimingSafeEqual);
  env->SetMethod(target, "getSSLCiphers", GetSSLCiphers);
  env->SetMethod(target, "getCiphers", GetCiphers);
  env->SetMethod(target, "getHashes", GetHashes);
  env->SetMethod(target, "getCurves", GetCurves);
  env->SetMethod(target, "publicEncrypt",
                 PublicKeyCipher::Cipher<PublicKeyCipher::kPublic,
                                         EVP_PKEY_encrypt_init,
                                         EVP_PKEY_encrypt>);
  env->SetMethod(target, "privateDecrypt",
                 PublicKeyCipher::Cipher<PublicKeyCipher::kPrivate,
                                         EVP_PKEY_decrypt_init,
                                         EVP_PKEY_decrypt>);
  env->SetMethod(target, "privateEncrypt",
                 PublicKeyCipher::Cipher<PublicKeyCipher::kPrivate,
                                         EVP_PKEY_sign_init,
                                         EVP_PKEY_sign>);
  env->SetMethod(target, "publicDecrypt",
                 PublicKeyCipher::Cipher<PublicKeyCipher::kPublic,
                                         EVP_PKEY_verify_recover_init,
                                         EVP_PKEY_verify_recover>);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> pb = FunctionTemplate::New(env->isolate());
  pb->SetClassName(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "PBKDF2"));
  AsyncWrap::AddWrapMethods(env, pb);
  Local<ObjectTemplate> pbt = pb->InstanceTemplate();
  pbt->SetInternalFieldCount(1);
  env->set_pbkdf2_constructor_template(pbt);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> rb = FunctionTemplate::New(env->isolate());
  rb->SetClassName(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "RandomBytes"));
  AsyncWrap::AddWrapMethods(env, rb);
  Local<ObjectTemplate> rbt = rb->InstanceTemplate();
  rbt->SetInternalFieldCount(1);
  env->set_randombytes_constructor_template(rbt);
}

}  // namespace crypto
}  // namespace node

NODE_BUILTIN_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE(crypto, node::crypto::Initialize)