Rollup merge of rust-lang#123374 - mgeier:doc-slice-from-raw-parts, r=scottmcm

DOC: Add FFI example for slice::from_raw_parts()

For some discussion, see https://users.rust-lang.org/t/missing-guidance-on-converting-ffi-ptr-length-to-slice/106048

See also rust-lang#120608.

Author: workingjubilee

core/src/slice/raw.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,39 @@ use crate::ub_checks;
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ### FFI: Handling null pointers
+///
+/// In languages such as C++, pointers to empty collections are not guaranteed to be non-null.
+/// When accepting such pointers, they have to be checked for null-ness to avoid undefined
+/// behavior.
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::slice;
+///
+/// /// Sum the elements of an FFI slice.
+/// ///
+/// /// # Safety
+/// ///
+/// /// If ptr is not NULL, it must be correctly aligned and
+/// /// point to `len` initialized items of type `f32`.
+/// unsafe extern "C" fn sum_slice(ptr: *const f32, len: usize) -> f32 {
+///     let data = if ptr.is_null() {
+///         // `len` is assumed to be 0.
+///         &[]
+///     } else {
+///         // SAFETY: see function docstring.
+///         unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len) }
+///     };
+///     data.into_iter().sum()
+/// }
+///
+/// // This could be the result of C++'s std::vector::data():
+/// let ptr = std::ptr::null();
+/// // And this could be std::vector::size():
+/// let len = 0;
+/// assert_eq!(unsafe { sum_slice(ptr, len) }, 0.0);
+/// ```
+///
 /// [valid]: ptr#safety
 /// [`NonNull::dangling()`]: ptr::NonNull::dangling
 #[inline]