Apply sed to files found by the find command:
$ find path/to/specify -iname \*.txt -exec sed -e "s#old_pattern#new_pattern#g" {} -i-old \;
Note the usage of option -i-old which keeps a backup of the modified file (e.g., test.txt -> test.txt-old).
You may also want to apply a cautious strategy (by replacing -exec with -ok):
$ find path/to/specify -iname \*.txt -ok sed -e "s#old_pattern#new_pattern#g" {} -i-old \;