gh-35269: Implement characteristic polynomial computation for Drinfeld modules of any Rank
    
<!-- ^^^^^
Please provide a concise, informative and self-explanatory title.
Don't put issue numbers in there, do this in the PR body below.
For example, instead of "Fixes #1234" use "Introduce new method to
calculate 1+1"
-->
### 📚 Description

The goal of this PR is to implement methods for computing the
characteristic polynomial (of the Frobenius endomorphism) of a Drinfeld
Fq[t]-module. This largely closes #35028, though opportunities to
implement other algorithms, as well as the question of computing
characteristic polynomials for arbitrary morphisms, remain open.

Some further reading on characteristic polynomials of Drinfeld modules:

Gekeler, E.-U. (2008). Frobenius Distributions of Drinfeld Modules over
Finite Fields. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society,
360(4), 1695–1721. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20161942

Angles, B. On some characteristic polynomials attached to finite
Drinfeld modules. Manuscripta Math 93, 369–379 (1997).
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677478

@kryzar @xcaruso @DavidAyotte @schost

### 📝 Checklist

<!-- Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply. -->
<!-- If your change requires a documentation PR, please link it
appropriately -->
<!-- If you're unsure about any of these, don't hesitate to ask. We're
here to help! -->

- [x] I have made sure that the title is self-explanatory and the
description concisely explains the PR.
- [x] I have linked an issue or discussion.
- [x] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [x] I have updated the documentation accordingly.

### ⌛ Dependencies
None as it only requires the base implementation of Drinfeld modules
which has been merged.
    
URL: #35269
Reported by: ymusleh
Reviewer(s): Antoine Leudière, David Ayotte, DocTrivial, Xavier Caruso, ymusleh

Author: Release Manager

src/doc/en/reference/references/index.rst

@@ -246,6 +246,10 @@ REFERENCES:
               Symposium, Volume 51, page 20.
               Australian Computer Society, Inc. 2006.
 
+.. [Ang1997] B. Anglès. 1997. *On some characteristic polynomials attached to
+             finite Drinfeld modules.* manuscripta mathematica 93, 1 (01 Aug 1997),
+             369–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677478
+
 .. [AP1986] \S. Arnborg, A. Proskurowski,
             *Characterization and Recognition of Partial 3-Trees*,
             SIAM Journal of Alg. and Discrete Methods,
@@ -4766,11 +4770,17 @@ REFERENCES:
             Int. Math. Res. Not. (2015).
             :doi:`10.1093/imrn/rnv194`, :arxiv:`1408.0320`.
 
-.. [MS2019] \Y. Musleh and \'E. Schost. Computing the characteristic polynomial
-            of a finite rank two Drinfeld module. In Proceedings of the 2019
+.. [MS2019] \Y. Musleh and \'E. Schost. *Computing the characteristic polynomial
+            of a finite rank two Drinfeld module*. In Proceedings of the 2019
             ACM on International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic
             Computation, pages 307–314. ACM, 2019.
 
+.. [MS2023] \Y. Musleh and \'E. Schost. *Computing the Characteristic Polynomial
+            of Endomorphisms of a finite Drinfeld Module using Crystalline
+            Cohomology*. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM on International
+            Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pages 461–469.
+            ACM, 2023.
+
 .. [MSSY2001] Mateescu, A., Salomaa, A., Salomaa, K. and Yu, S., *A
               sharpening of the Parikh mapping*. Theoret. Informatics Appl. 35
               (2001) 551-564.