Rollup merge of #73011 - richkadel:llvm-count-from-mir-pass, r=tmandry

first stage of implementing LLVM code coverage

This PR replaces #70680 (WIP toward LLVM Code Coverage for Rust) since I am re-implementing the Rust LLVM code coverage feature in a different part of the compiler (in MIR pass(es) vs AST).

This PR updates rustc with `-Zinstrument-coverage` option that injects the llvm intrinsic `instrprof.increment()` for code generation.

This initial version only injects counters at the top of each function, and does not yet implement the required coverage map.

Upcoming PRs will add the coverage map, and add more counters and/or counter expressions for each conditional code branch.

Rust compiler MCP rust-lang/compiler-team#278
Relevant issue: #34701 - Implement support for LLVMs code coverage instrumentation

***[I put together some development notes here, under a separate branch.](https://github.com/richkadel/rust/blob/cfa0b21d34ee64e4ebee226101bd2ef0c6757865/src/test/codegen/coverage-experiments/README-THIS-IS-TEMPORARY.md)***

Author: RalfJung