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lapacke.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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<title>The LAPACKE C Interface to LAPACK</title>
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>The LAPACKE C Interface to LAPACK</h1>
<div id="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>This document describes a two-level C interface to LAPACK, consisting of a
high-level interface and a middle-level interface. The high-level interface
handles all workspace memory allocation internally, while the middle-level
interface requires the user to provide workspace arrays as in the original
FORTRAN interface. Both interfaces provide support for both column-major and
row-major matrices. The prototypes for both interfaces, associated macros and
type definitions are contained in the header file lapacke.h.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_naming_schemes">Naming Schemes</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The naming scheme for the high-level interface is to take the FORTRAN LAPACK
routine name, make it lower case, and add the prefix <code>LAPACKE_</code>. For
example, the LAPACK subroutine <code>DGETRF</code> becomes
<code>LAPACKE_dgetrf</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The naming scheme for the middle-level interface is to take the FORTRAN LAPACK
routine name, make it lower case, then add the prefix <code>LAPACKE_</code> and
the suffix <code>_work</code>. For example, the LAPACK subroutine <code>DGETRF</code>
becomes <code>LAPACKE_dgetrf_work</code>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_complex_types">Complex Types</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Complex data types are defined by the macros <code>lapack_complex_float</code>
and <code>lapack_complex_double</code>, which represent single precision and
double precision complex data types respectively. It is assumed throughout that
the real and imaginary components are stored contiguously in memory, with the
real component first. The <code>lapack_complex_float</code> and
<code>lapack_complex_double</code> macros can be either C99 <code>_Complex</code>
types, a C struct defined type, C++ STL complex types, or a custom complex
type. See <code>lapacke.h</code> for more details.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_array_arguments">Array Arguments</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Arrays are passed as pointers, not as a pointer to pointers. All the LAPACKE
routines that take one or more 2D arrays as a pointer receive a single extra
parameter of type <code>int</code>. This argument must be equal to either
<code>LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR</code> or <code>LAPACK_COL_MAJOR</code> which are defined in
<code>lapacke.h</code>, specifying whether the arrays are stored in row-major or
column-major order. If a routine has multiple array inputs, they must all use
the same ordering.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that using row-major ordering may require more memory and time than
column-major ordering, because the routine must transpose the row-major order
to the column-major order required by the underlying LAPACK routine.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each 2D array argument in a FORTRAN LAPACK routine has an additional argument
that specifies its leading dimension. For row-major 2D arrays, elements within
a row are assumed to be contiguous and elements from one row to the next are
assumed to be a leading dimension apart. For column-major 2D arrays, elements
within a column are assumed to be contiguous and elements from one column to
the next are assumed to be a leading dimension apart.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_aliasing_of_arguments">Aliasing of Arguments</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Unless specified otherwise, only input arguments (that is, scalars passed by
values and arrays specified with the const qualifier) may be legally aliased on
a call to C interface to LAPACK.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_info_parameters">INFO Parameters</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The LAPACKE interface functions set their <code>lapack_int</code> return value
to the value of the <code>INFO</code> parameter, which contains information such as
error and exit conditions. This differs from LAPACK routines, which return
this information as a FORTRAN <code>integer</code> parameter.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In LAPACKE, <code>INFO</code> is used exactly as it is in LAPACK. If <code>INFO</code>
returns the row or column number of a matrix using 1-based indexing in FORTRAN,
the value is not adjusted for zero-based indexing.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_nan_checking">NaN Checking</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The high-level interface includes an optional, on by default, NaN check on all
matrix inputs before calling any LAPACK routine. This option affects all
routines. If the inputs contain any NaNs, the input parameter corresponding
matrix will be flagged with an <code>INFO</code> parameter error. For example, if
the fifth parameter is found to contain a NaN, the function will return with
the value -5.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The NaN check, as well as other parameters, can be disabled by defining
<code>LAPACK_DISABLE_NAN_CHECK</code> macro in <code>lapacke.h</code>. The
middle-level interface does not contain the NaN check.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_integers">Integers</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Variables with the FORTRAN type <code>integer</code> are converted to
<code>lapack_int</code> in LAPACKE. This conforms with modifiable integer type
size, especially given ILP64 programming model: re-defining
<code>lapack_int</code> as <code>long int</code> (8 bytes) will be enough to support
this model, as <code>lapack_int</code> is defined as int (4 bytes) by default,
supporting LP64 programming model.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_logicals">Logicals</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>FORTRAN logicals are converted to <code>lapack_logical</code>, which is defined as
<code>lapack_int</code>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_memory_management">Memory Management</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>All memory management is handled by the functions <code>LAPACKE_malloc</code> and
<code>LAPACKE_free</code>. This allows users to easily use their own memory
manager instead of the default by modifying their definitions in
<code>lapacke.h</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This interface should be thread-safe to the extent that these memory management
routines and the underlying LAPACK routines are thread-safe.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_new_error_codes">New Error Codes</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since the high level interface does not use work arrays, error notification is needed in the event of a user running out of memory.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a work array cannot be allocated, <code>LAPACK_WORK_MEMORY_ERROR</code> is returned by the function;
if there was insufficient memory to complete a transposition, <code>LAPACK_TRANSPOSE_MEMORY_ERROR</code> is returned.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_function_list">Function List</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>This section list the currently available LAPACK subroutines that are available
in the LAPACKE C interface. The LAPACK base names are given below; the
corresponding LAPACKE function name is <code>LAPACKE_xbase</code> or
<code>LAPACKE_xbase_work</code> where <code>x</code> is the type: <code>s</code> or
<code>d</code> for single or double precision real, <code>c</code> or <code>z</code> for
single or double precision complex, with <code>base</code> representing the base name.
Function prototypes are given in the file <code>lapacke.h</code>. See the LAPACK
documentation for detailed information about the routines and their parameters.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_real_functions">Real Functions</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following LAPACK subroutine base names are supported for single precision
(<code>s</code>) and double precision (<code>d</code>+), in both the high-level and middle-level
interfaces:</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>bdsdc bdsqr disna gbbrd gbcon gbequ gbequb gbrfs gbrfsx gbsv gbsvx gbsvxx gbtrf
gbtrs gebak gebal gebrd gecon geequ geequb gees geesx geev geevx gehrd gejsv
gelqf gels gelsd gelss gelsy geqlf geqp3 geqpf geqrf geqrfp gerfs gerfsx gerqf
gesdd gesv gesvd gesvj gesvx gesvxx getrf getri getrs ggbak ggbal gges ggesx
ggev ggevx ggglm gghrd gglse ggqrf ggrqf ggsvd ggsvp gtcon gtrfs gtsv gtsvx
gttrf gttrs hgeqz hsein hseqr opgtr opmtr orgbr orghr orglq orgql orgqr orgrq
orgtr ormbr ormhr ormlq ormql ormqr ormrq ormrz ormtr pbcon pbequ pbrfs pbstf
pbsv pbsvx pbtrf pbtrs pftrf pftri pftrs pocon poequ poequb porfs porfsx posv
posvx posvxx potrf potri potrs ppcon ppequ pprfs ppsv ppsvx pptrf pptri pptrs
pstrf ptcon pteqr ptrfs ptsv ptsvx pttrf pttrs sbev sbevd sbevx sbgst sbgv
sbgvd sbgvx sbtrd sfrk spcon spev spevd spevx spgst spgv spgvd spgvx sprfs spsv
spsvx sptrd sptrf sptri sptrs stebz stedc stegr stein stemr steqr sterf stev
stevd stevr stevx sycon syequb syev syevd syevr syevx sygst sygv sygvd sygvx
syrfs syrfsx sysv sysvx sysvxx sytrd sytrf sytri sytrs tbcon tbrfs tbtrs tfsm
tftri tfttp tfttr tgevc tgexc tgsen tgsja tgsna tgsyl tpcon tprfs tptri tptrs
tpttf tpttr trcon trevc trexc trrfs trsen trsna trsyl trtri trtrs trttf trttp
tzrzf</code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_complex_functions">Complex Functions</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following LAPACK subroutine base names are supported for complex single
precision (<code>c</code>) and complex double precision (<code>z</code>), in both the high-level and
middle-level interfaces:</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>bdsqr gbbrd gbcon gbequ gbequb gbrfs gbrfsx gbsv gbsvx gbsvxx gbtrf gbtrs gebak
gebal gebrd gecon geequ geequb gees geesx geev geevx gehrd gelqf gels gelsd
gelss gelsy geqlf geqp3 geqpf geqrf geqrfp gerfs gerfsx gerqf gesdd gesv gesvd
gesvx gesvxx getrf getri getrs ggbak ggbal gges ggesx ggev ggevx ggglm gghrd
gglse ggqrf ggrqf ggsvd ggsvp gtcon gtrfs gtsv gtsvx gttrf gttrs hbev hbevd
hbevx hbgst hbgv hbgvd hbgvx hbtrd hecon heequb heev heevd heevr heevx hegst
hegv hegvd hegvx herfs herfsx hesv hesvx hesvxx hetrd hetrf hetri hetrs hfrk
hgeqz hpcon hpev hpevd hpevx hpgst hpgv hpgvd hpgvx hprfs hpsv hpsvx hptrd
hptrf hptri hptrs hsein hseqr pbcon pbequ pbrfs pbstf pbsv pbsvx pbtrf pbtrs
pftrf pftri pftrs pocon poequ poequb porfs porfsx posv posvx posvxx potrf potri
potrs ppcon ppequ pprfs ppsv ppsvx pptrf pptri pptrs pstrf ptcon pteqr ptrfs
ptsv ptsvx pttrf pttrs spcon sprfs spsv spsvx sptrf sptri sptrs stedc stegr
stein stemr steqr sycon syequb syrfs syrfsx sysv sysvx sysvxx sytrf sytri sytrs
tbcon tbrfs tbtrs tfsm tftri tfttp tfttr tgevc tgexc tgsen tgsja tgsna tgsyl
tpcon tprfs tptri tptrs tpttf tpttr trcon trevc trexc trrfs trsen trsna trsyl
trtri trtrs trttf trttp tzrzf ungbr unghr unglq ungql ungqr ungrq ungtr unmbr
unmhr unmlq unmql unmqr unmrq unmrz unmtr upgtr upmtr</code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_mixed_precision_functions">Mixed Precision Functions</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following LAPACK subroutine base names are supported only for double
precision (<code>d</code>) and complex double precision (<code>z</code>):</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>sgesv sposv</code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>This section contains examples of calling LAPACKE functions from a C program.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_calling_code_dgeqrf_code">Calling <code>DGEQRF</code></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you wish to call the function <code>DGEQRF</code>, which computes the QR factorization of a
double precision real rectangular matrix in LAPACK, and you wish to have the LAPACKE interface
handle the necessary work space memory allocation for you.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The base name for this function is
<code>geqrf</code>, which is included in the list of real functions above. The LAPACKE function
name is then constructed by prepending <code>LAPACK_</code> followed by <code>d</code> to the base
name: <code>LAPACKE_dgeqrf</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>We will assume that our matrix is stored in column-major order in the <code>m</code>-by-<code>n</code> array <code>a</code>, which has
a leading dimension of <code>lda</code>. The variable declarations should be as follows:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The LAPACKE function call is then:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_calling_code_cungqr_code">Calling <code>CUNGQR</code></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you wish to call the function <code>CUNGQR</code>, which generates Q from the results of a QR
factorization of a single precision complex rectangular matrix, and you wish to provide the required
workspace.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The base name for this function is
<code>ungqr</code>, which is included in the list of complex functions above. The LAPACKE function
name is then constructed by prepending <code>LAPACK_</code> followed by <code>c</code> to the base
name, with the suffix <code>_work</code> to indicate that the user will supply the work space:
<code>LAPACKE_cungqr_work</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>We will assume again that our matrix is stored in column-major order in the <code>m</code>-by-<code>n</code> array <code>a</code>, which has
a leading dimension of <code>lda</code>. From the LAPACK documentation, the work space array <code>work</code> must have
a length of at least <code>n</code>; the length of <code>work</code> is given in <code>lwork</code>.
The variable declarations should be as follows:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The LAPACKE function call is then:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_calling_code_dgels_code">Calling <code>DGELS</code></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In this example, we wish solve the least squares problem
min_x || B - Ax ||
for two right-hand sides using the LAPACK routine <code>DGELS</code>. For input we will use the <code>5</code>-by-<code>3</code>
matrix</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> ( 1 1 1 )
( 2 3 4 )
A = ( 3 5 2 )
( 4 2 5 )
( 5 4 3 )</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>and the <code>5</code>-by-<code>2</code> matrix</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> ( -10 -3 )
( 12 14 )
B = ( 14 12 )
( 16 16 )
( 18 16 )</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>We will first store the input matrix as a static C two-dimensional array,
which is stored in row-major order, and let LAPACKE handle the work space array allocation. The LAPACK
base name for this function is <code>gels</code>, and we will use double precision (<code>d</code>),
so the LAPACKE function name is <code>LAPACKE_dgels</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>thus <code>lda=3</code> and <code>ldb=2</code>. The output for each right hand side is stored in <code>b</code>
as consecutive vectors of length 3. The correct answer for this problem is the <code>3</code>-by-<code>2</code> matrix</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>( 2 1 )
( 1 1 )