Add a stepper widget

[lukasmasuch]

Checklist

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Summary

Add an element that allows to guide a user through a series of discrete steps. This is a common widget also sometimes referred to as progress steps, stepper, progress indicator, wizard component...

Why?

Sometimes, people want to do apps where the user needs to go through multiple steps. This is not well supported in Streamlit today.

How?

selected_step = st.stepper(["Ready", "Get Set", "Go"])
if selected_step == "Ready":
    # Do stuff

We probably also want to support this in a horizontal & vertical direction and allow a way to programmatically set the selected step (e.g. via session state). Another potential feature is to set icons for every step.

Additional Context

• Baseweb progress steps component
• Stepper page on component gallery
• StepperBar in extra-streamlit-components
• Tailwind

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