Add PV in Hawaii

docs/technical_development_guide/source/changelog/changelog_dev.rst

@@ -37,6 +37,23 @@ Development Changelog
         Assignees: Joe Robertson
 
 
+    .. change::
+        :tags: characteristics
+        :pullreq: 1358
+
+        **Date**: 2025-03-10
+
+        Title:
+        Add PV in Hawaii 
+
+        Description:
+        Add PV saturation for Hawaii based on EIA form861.
+
+        resstock-estimation: `pull request 445 <https://github.com/NREL/resstock-estimation/pull/445>`
+
+        Assignees: Yingli Lou
+
+
     .. change::
         :tags: characteristics, feature, docs, technical reference guide, outputs
         :pullreq: 1299

docs/technical_development_guide/source/workflow_inputs/characteristics.rst

@@ -42049,7 +42049,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
    * - No
      - 99%
    * - Yes
-     - 0.94%
+     - 0.99%
 
 .. _heating_fuel:
 
@@ -60759,39 +60759,39 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - ``pv_system_2_array_azimuth``
 
    * - East
-     - 0.15%
+     - 0.16%
      - 90
      - 0
    * - None
      - 99%
      - 180
      - 0
    * - North
-     - 0.016%
+     - 0.017%
      - 0
      - 0
    * - Northeast
      - 0.014%
      - 45
      - 0
    * - Northwest
-     - 0.0093%
+     - 0.0098%
      - 315
      - 0
    * - South
-     - 0.42%
+     - 0.45%
      - 180
      - 0
    * - Southeast
-     - 0.13%
+     - 0.14%
      - 135
      - 0
    * - Southwest
-     - 0.11%
+     - 0.12%
      - 225
      - 0
    * - West
-     - 0.082%
+     - 0.087%
      - 270
      - 0
 
@@ -60950,7 +60950,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - ``pv_system_2_max_power_output``
 
    * - 1.0 kWDC
-     - 0.025%
+     - 0.027%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof
@@ -60966,7 +60966,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - roofpitch
      - 0
    * - 3.0 kWDC
-     - 0.18%
+     - 0.2%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof
@@ -60982,7 +60982,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - roofpitch
      - 0
    * - 5.0 kWDC
-     - 0.28%
+     - 0.3%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof
@@ -60998,7 +60998,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - roofpitch
      - 0
    * - 7.0 kWDC
-     - 0.21%
+     - 0.22%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof
@@ -61030,7 +61030,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - roofpitch
      - 0
    * - 11.0 kWDC
-     - 0.074%
+     - 0.077%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof
@@ -61046,7 +61046,7 @@ From ``project_national`` the list of options, option stock sturation, and optio
      - roofpitch
      - 0
    * - 13.0 kWDC
-     - 0.03%
+     - 0.031%
      - true
      - auto
      - roof

docs/technical_reference_guide/3c_ResStockInputs.tex

@@ -2138,7 +2138,7 @@ \subsubsection{Misc Gas Grill}
 
 \subsection{PV}
 \subsubsection{Modeling Approach}
-ResStock models residential photovoltaic (PV) solar panels based on data from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL) 2020 Tracking the Sun report (\cite{LBNLTTS2019}) and a 2020 PV report by Wood Mackenzie (\cite{WoodsMackenzie2020}). However, the data excludes Alaska and Hawaii, the latter of which has one of the largest number of solar installations by state. ResStock only models rooftop solar for occupied single-family detached homes. This means ResStock does not model ground-mounted solar or solar installed in other building types, such as community solar shared among multifamily units, although that modeling capability exists in OpenStudio-HPXML. This also means ResStock, which estimates the rooftop solar penetration at less than 1\% of all housing units, is most likely underestimating the total installed capacity nationally. In addition to the presence of rooftop solar (Section \ref{sec:has_pv}), ResStock also characterizes the orientation (Section \ref{sec:pv_orientation}) and system capacity (Section \ref{sec:pv_system_size}), using LBNL's 2020 Tracking the Sun report. The system size or modeled capacity does not necessarily align with the available roof space of the housing units.
+ResStock models residential photovoltaic (PV) solar panels based on data from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL) 2020 Tracking the Sun report (\cite{LBNLTTS2019}) and a 2020 PV report by Wood Mackenzie (\cite{WoodsMackenzie2020}). However, the data excludes Alaska and Hawaii, the latter of which has one of the largest number of solar installations by state. Therefore, the PV penetration in Hawaii is added based on \href{https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/}{EIA form 861}. ResStock only models rooftop solar for occupied single-family detached homes. This means ResStock does not model ground-mounted solar or solar installed in other building types, such as community solar shared among multifamily units, although that modeling capability exists in OpenStudio-HPXML. This also means ResStock, which estimates the rooftop solar penetration at less than 1\% of all housing units, is most likely underestimating the total installed capacity nationally. In addition to the presence of rooftop solar (Section \ref{sec:has_pv}), ResStock also characterizes the orientation (Section \ref{sec:pv_orientation}) and system capacity (Section \ref{sec:pv_system_size}), using LBNL's 2020 Tracking the Sun report. The system size or modeled capacity does not necessarily align with the available roof space of the housing units.
 
 The PV modeling capability and default inputs are primarily adopted from NREL's \href{https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/index.php}{PVWatts model}. ResStock calculates the energy production based on the solar irradiation information in the weather file and the characteristics of the PV array. In the ResStock baseline, all PV systems are modeled as roof-mounted, fixed-axis standard modules tilted at roof pitch with a 14\% overall derate factor and a 96\% inverter efficiency. The derate factor encompasses loss from soiling, shading, wiring, mismatch, degradation, and more according to the PVWatts documentation (\cite{pvwatts_doc}).
 
@@ -2147,7 +2147,7 @@ \subsubsection{Has PV} \label{sec:has_pv}
 Presence of a rooftop photovoltaic system.
 
 \paragraph{Distribution Data Source(s)}
-Constructed using ACS population and data from \href{https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/dgen/}{dGen} on PV installation that combines LBNL's 2020 Tracking the Sun (\cite{LBNLTTS2019}) and Wood Mackenzie's 2020 Q4 PV report (\cite{WoodsMackenzie2020}; prepared on Jun 22, 2021). 
+Constructed using ACS population and data from \href{https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/dgen/}{dGen} on PV installation that combines LBNL's 2020 Tracking the Sun (\cite{LBNLTTS2019}) and Wood Mackenzie's 2020 Q4 PV report (\cite{WoodsMackenzie2020}; prepared on Jun 22, 2021). The PV penetration in Hawaii is from \href{https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/}{EIA form 861}. 
 
 \paragraph{Direct Conditional Dependencies}
 \begin{itemize}
@@ -2160,7 +2160,9 @@ \subsubsection{Has PV} \label{sec:has_pv}
 The options for Has PV are ``Yes'' if the housing unit has a rooftop PV system and ``No'' if the housing unit does not have a rooftop PV system.
 
 \paragraph{Distribution Assumption(s)}
-Imposed an upper bound of 14 kWDC, which contains 95\% of all installations. Counties with source\_count <10 are backfilled with aggregates at the state level. Distribution based on all installations is applied only to occupied single-family detached homes; actual distribution for single-family detached homes may be higher. PV is not modeled in AK and HI. No data have been identified. 
+Imposed an upper bound of 14 kWDC, which contains 95\% of all installations. Counties with source\_count <10 are backfilled with aggregates at the state level. Distribution based on all installations is applied only to occupied single-family detached homes; actual distribution for single-family detached homes may be higher. PV is not modeled in AK. No data have been identified. 
+
+For Hawaii, EIA Form 861 reports the number of residential utility customers with rooftop PV in Net_Metering_2018.xlsx worksheet and the total number of residnetial utility customers in Sales_Ult_Cust_2018.xlsx. Taking the ratio of these two gives us the fraction of homes with rooftop PV. We place the additional constraint that all of these rooftop PV customers are in single-family detached homes. Because Hawaii is composed of multiple islands, the four electric utilities in Hawaii (and which report to EIA Form 861) approximately align with the county boundaries with Hawaii, Honolulu, and Kauai having one county for one electric utility, and both Maui and Kalawao mapping to the same electric utility, so we we develop distinct PV saturation rates for each county in Hawaii (note Kalawao has population <100 people and is located on the island of Maui).
 
 \subsubsection{PV Orientation}  \label{sec:pv_orientation}
 \paragraph{Description}
@@ -2303,7 +2305,7 @@ \subsubsection{PV System Size} \label{sec:pv_system_size}
 
 \paragraph{Distribution Assumption(s)}
 Installations of unknown mount type are assumed to be rooftop. States without data are backfilled with aggregates at the Census Region. ``East South Central'' assumed the same distribution as ``West South Central.''
-PV is not modeled in AK and HI. The Option=None is set so that an error is thrown if PV is modeled as an argument.
+PV is not modeled in AK. The Option=None is set so that an error is thrown if PV is modeled as an argument.
 
 \subsection{Additional Capabilities}
 This section describes the additional modeling capabilities in OpenStudio-HPXML/ResStock that are not yet fully deployed in the ResStock baseline. These include batteries and dehumidifiers. These loads at present are not available in the baseline but can be modeled as upgrade measures. This is because their characteristic distribution is not yet fully characterized but is instead set to 100\% None.

project_national/housing_characteristics/Battery.tsv

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Dependency=Has PV	Option=None	Option=10 kWh	Option=20 kWh, Outside	Option=20 kWh, Garage	Option=20 kWh, 80% Round Trip Efficiency	sampling_probability
-Yes	1	0	0	0	0	0.00937984
-No	1	0	0	0	0	0.99062
+Yes	1	0	0	0	0	0.00994237
+No	1	0	0	0	0	0.990058
 # Created by: manually created
 # Description: The presence, size, location, and efficiency of an onsite battery (not modeled in project_national).
 # Source: n/a

project_national/housing_characteristics/Has PV.tsv

@@ -5467,7 +5467,7 @@ HI, Hawaii County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Occupied	1	0	0	1	5.47774e-05
 HI, Hawaii County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Vacant	1	0	0	1	3.63685e-05
 HI, Hawaii County	Single-Family Attached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	1.47416e-05
 HI, Hawaii County	Single-Family Attached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	2.63813e-06
-HI, Hawaii County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.000410367
+HI, Hawaii County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	0.808876	0.191124	11575	60562.7	0.000410367
 HI, Hawaii County	Single-Family Detached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	8.65801e-05
 HI, Honolulu County	Mobile Home	Occupied	1	0	0	1	3.71613e-06
 HI, Honolulu County	Mobile Home	Vacant	1	0	0	1	8.35162e-07
@@ -5477,7 +5477,7 @@ HI, Honolulu County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.00079263
 HI, Honolulu County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Vacant	1	0	0	1	0.000168456
 HI, Honolulu County	Single-Family Attached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.000283007
 HI, Honolulu County	Single-Family Attached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	2.0098e-05
-HI, Honolulu County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.00105837
+HI, Honolulu County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	0.629455	0.370545	46663	125931	0.00105837
 HI, Honolulu County	Single-Family Detached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	7.49059e-05
 HI, Kalawao County	Mobile Home	Occupied	1	0	0	1	2.35552e-09
 HI, Kalawao County	Mobile Home	Vacant	1	0	0	1	7.57129e-10
@@ -5487,7 +5487,7 @@ HI, Kalawao County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Occupied	1	0	0	1	7.98631e-08
 HI, Kalawao County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Vacant	1	0	0	1	1.00803e-07
 HI, Kalawao County	Single-Family Attached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	3.91253e-08
 HI, Kalawao County	Single-Family Attached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	5.06157e-09
-HI, Kalawao County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	3.77478e-07
+HI, Kalawao County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	0.750067	0.249933	10672	42699.4	3.77478e-07
 HI, Kalawao County	Single-Family Detached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	6.52252e-08
 HI, Kauai County	Mobile Home	Occupied	1	0	0	1	7.30401e-07
 HI, Kauai County	Mobile Home	Vacant	1	0	0	1	2.34771e-07
@@ -5497,7 +5497,7 @@ HI, Kauai County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Occupied	1	0	0	1	2.4764e-05
 HI, Kauai County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Vacant	1	0	0	1	3.12572e-05
 HI, Kauai County	Single-Family Attached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	1.2132e-05
 HI, Kauai County	Single-Family Attached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	1.5695e-06
-HI, Kauai County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.000117049
+HI, Kauai County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	0.803473	0.196527	3971	20205.9	0.000117049
 HI, Kauai County	Single-Family Detached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	2.02251e-05
 HI, Maui County	Mobile Home	Occupied	1	0	0	1	1.7184e-06
 HI, Maui County	Mobile Home	Vacant	1	0	0	1	5.52341e-07
@@ -5507,7 +5507,7 @@ HI, Maui County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Occupied	1	0	0	1	5.82617e-05
 HI, Maui County	Multi-Family with 5+ Units	Vacant	1	0	0	1	7.35381e-05
 HI, Maui County	Single-Family Attached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	2.85427e-05
 HI, Maui County	Single-Family Attached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	3.69251e-06
-HI, Maui County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	1	0	0	1	0.000275378
+HI, Maui County	Single-Family Detached	Occupied	0.750067	0.249933	10672	42699.4	0.000275378
 HI, Maui County	Single-Family Detached	Vacant	1	0	0	1	4.75831e-05
 IA, Adair County	Mobile Home	Occupied	1	0	0	1	1.23363e-06
 IA, Adair County	Mobile Home	Vacant	1	0	0	1	3.47236e-07

project_national/housing_characteristics/PV Orientation.tsv

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Dependency=Has PV	Option=East	Option=None	Option=North	Option=Northeast	Option=Northwest	Option=South	Option=Southeast	Option=Southwest	Option=West	source_count	source_weight	sampling_probability
-No	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1e-16	1e-16	0.99062
-Yes	0.158286	0	0.0167208	0.0145514	0.00988364	0.449425	0.143045	0.121028	0.0870602	903007	903007	0.00937984
+No	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1e-16	1e-16	0.990058
+Yes	0.158286	0	0.0167208	0.0145514	0.00988364	0.449425	0.143045	0.121028	0.0870602	903007	903007	0.00994237
 # Created by: sources\dpv\tsv_maker.py
 # Description: The orientation of the photovoltaic system.
 # Source: Constructed using LBNL's 2020 Tracking the Sun (TTS).

project_national/housing_characteristics/PV System Size.tsv

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ No	FL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	464637	464637	0.0680375
 Yes	FL	0.0276083	0.109852	0.377507	0.167393	0.157512	0.131938	0.0281895	0	3441	3441	0.000239121
 No	GA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4.21776e+06	0	0.0310003
 Yes	GA	0.0326468	0.162074	0.274556	0.194523	0.17373	0.11814	0.0443307	0	35348	0	5.78198e-06
-No	HI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1.26148e+07	0	0.00395575
-Yes	HI	0.0317442	0.252047	0.320069	0.210308	0.113265	0.0519891	0.0205766	0	1.00075e+06	0	0
+No	HI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1.26148e+07	0	0.00339322
+Yes	HI	0.0317442	0.252047	0.320069	0.210308	0.113265	0.0519891	0.0205766	0	1.00075e+06	0	0.000562529
 No	IA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3.26183e+06	0	0.0101467
 Yes	IA	0.0464296	0.129551	0.209992	0.215213	0.243014	0.0973751	0.0584251	0	7086	0	1.79372e-05
 No	ID	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	5.67374e+06	0	0.00508281

project_national/resources/options_saturations.csv

@@ -12733,8 +12733,8 @@ Level,Parameter,Option,Saturation
 6,Ceiling Fan,None,0.28
 6,Ceiling Fan,Standard Efficiency,0.632508
 6,Ceiling Fan,"Standard Efficiency, No usage",0.0874922
-6,Has PV,No,0.99062
-6,Has PV,Yes,0.00937984
+6,Has PV,No,0.990058
+6,Has PV,Yes,0.00994237
 6,Tenure,Not Available,0.121517
 6,Tenure,Owner,0.559043
 6,Tenure,Renter,0.31944
@@ -12775,23 +12775,23 @@ Level,Parameter,Option,Saturation
 7,Battery,"20 kWh, Outside",0
 7,Battery,"20 kWh, Garage",0
 7,Battery,"20 kWh, 80% Round Trip Efficiency",0
-7,PV Orientation,East,0.0014847
-7,PV Orientation,None,0.99062
-7,PV Orientation,North,0.000156838
-7,PV Orientation,Northeast,0.00013649
-7,PV Orientation,Northwest,9.27069e-05
-7,PV Orientation,South,0.00421553
-7,PV Orientation,Southeast,0.00134174
-7,PV Orientation,Southwest,0.00113522
-7,PV Orientation,West,0.00081661
-7,PV System Size,1.0 kWDC,0.00025106
-7,PV System Size,3.0 kWDC,0.00183402
-7,PV System Size,5.0 kWDC,0.00278418
-7,PV System Size,7.0 kWDC,0.00209545
-7,PV System Size,9.0 kWDC,0.00137372
-7,PV System Size,11.0 kWDC,0.000740201
-7,PV System Size,13.0 kWDC,0.000301214
-7,PV System Size,None,0.99062
+7,PV Orientation,East,0.00157374
+7,PV Orientation,None,0.990058
+7,PV Orientation,North,0.000166244
+7,PV Orientation,Northeast,0.000144675
+7,PV Orientation,Northwest,9.82668e-05
+7,PV Orientation,South,0.00446835
+7,PV Orientation,Southeast,0.00142221
+7,PV Orientation,Southwest,0.0012033
+7,PV Orientation,West,0.000865584
+7,PV System Size,1.0 kWDC,0.000268917
+7,PV System Size,3.0 kWDC,0.0019758
+7,PV System Size,5.0 kWDC,0.00296422
+7,PV System Size,7.0 kWDC,0.00221376
+7,PV System Size,9.0 kWDC,0.00143743
+7,PV System Size,11.0 kWDC,0.000769446
+7,PV System Size,13.0 kWDC,0.000312789
+7,PV System Size,None,0.990058
 7,Income,<10000,0.0536329
 7,Income,10000-14999,0.0379308
 7,Income,15000-19999,0.0385917