main part:
IP Routing CLI
Static Routes Config
Default Route Config & Individual Host Route
IP Classless Routing
Basic Output Interfaces & Next-Hop Router
LB using Stactic Route
- IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree to avoid loop
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+)—PVST+ is a Cisco enhancement of STP that provides a separate 802.1D spanning-tree instance for each VLAN configured in the network. ... The Cisco implementation of MSTP is often referred to as Multiple Spanning Tree (MST).
- IEEE 802.1Q Trunking Protocol to save the port
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL (Inter-SW-Link) trunks.
- ISL, Inter-Switch Link (Trunking)
see IEEE 802.1Q
- ISR, Intergrated-Service Router
ISR stands for Integrated Service Router. The term “integrated services” describes a type of network architecture used to guarantee network Quality of Service (QoS). ISR series routers have edge networking capabilities and provide reliable, secure branch office connectivity.
$no ip routing
$ip routing
R1$show interfaces ethernet 0
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
The hosts that are connected to segments interconnected with a single Router must have Routes pointing to the IP addr assigned on the router interfaces.
--------------------
| |
HostA ----| |
| |
| |
HostB ----| Segment |-default Route -> IP addr of Interface of Router
| |
| |
HostC ----| |
| |
--------------------
For instance, all of the hosts on a segment can have a single Route pointing to IP addr of the Router's interface which is attached to the segment.
R2$show ip route
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected. TokenRing0
C 10.0.255.0 is directly connected. Serial1
to identify the network Prefixes of the networks that are Accessible thru other Routers. Then create Static Route for segements.
There are an important consideration is that host config, it then has entry point to the appropriate interface of the routers, then to create static routing on the closest router. Remember to config 2 sides to avoid errors.
R2$ip route <remote IP addr> <subnetmask> <next hop Router>
- VLAN
(1)
(2)
(3)
- ISL
(4)
(5)
(6)
- ISL
(7)
(8)
- VLAN - LAN
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
- WAN (ISR)
(1)
(2)
(3)
- ISR
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
- LAN - VLAN
(1)
(2)
(3)
for host route
however this ip addr is assigned for not only the host per se, can be addr of other router.
h3$ip route <remote IP addr> <subnetmask> <next hop Router>
to check by
h3$show ip route
> then show routing table
Deafult Route:
using ip classless
Host ------ Segment ------- e0 - Router - s0 ------- Segemnt (Counterpart Router)
for default route
R0$ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <next hop router>
R0$ip classless
to check by
R0$debug ip packet
R0$ping <ip addr>
this cmd enable the Router to use classless algorithm to make routing decision.
segment3
|
|
Host ----- Segment1 --- e0-R-s0 ------ s0-R-e0 --------- Segment2 ----- Host
If a single router is used to perform routing among Segements that are directly attached to it, no extra routing config is required.
The router autoly places into routing table the network prefixes of the IP addresses from all the active (up both logical and physically) interfaces.
R1$show ip interfaces <interface id> <interface #>
> Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up.
if the above interface is assigned of 10.1.1.1 this ip addr, then we still can change it by cmd below, choosing one in the output of routing table.
R1$show ip route
> Routing Table of R1
10.0.0.0/24. 3 subnets
10.2.2.0
10.1.1.0
to check active in both, or one up and anoter down
R1$show interfaces ethernet 0
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is down
above status means that if that transceiver is disconnected from the hub, working not properly, then it turns to logically down. since Ethernet shall be always up phisically. 10.0.255.0