Fix TestFailedException outcome not propagating to TestResult outcome

[Youssef1313]

Fixes #5226

Looks like it could be a regression from #4686

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 75.46%. Comparing base (f8b718b) to head (b1c677c).
Report is 14 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5236      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   75.41%   75.46%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         600      600              
  Lines       36752    36752              
==========================================
+ Hits        27718    27736      +18     
+ Misses       9034     9016      -18     

Flag	Coverage Δ
Debug	75.46% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️
integration	75.46% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️
production	75.46% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️
unit	75.46% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

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Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...pter/MSTest.TestAdapter/Execution/TestClassInfo.cs	82.91% <100.00%> (+0.62%)	⬆️
...ter/MSTest.TestAdapter/Execution/UnitTestRunner.cs	96.19% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes

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[Youssef1313]

/backport to rel/3.8

[github-actions]

Started backporting to rel/3.8: https://github.com/microsoft/testfx/actions/runs/13881107941