crypto: add keyObject.export() 'jwk' format option

Adds [JWK](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517) keyObject.export format option. Supported key types: `ec`, `rsa`, `ed25519`, `ed448`, `x25519`, `x448`, and symmetric keys, resulting in JWK `kty` (Key Type) values `EC`, `RSA`, `OKP`, and `oct`. `rsa-pss` is not supported since the JWK format does not support PSS Parameters. `EC` JWK curves supported are `P-256`, `secp256k1`, `P-384`, and `P-521` PR-URL: #37081 Reviewed-By: James M Snell <[email protected]> Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <[email protected]>
nodejs · danielleadams · Jan 25, 2021 · Feb 2, 2021 · Jan 25, 2021 · Feb 2, 2021
commit 011910b424111dec4dcd6915624d55c14ab89edd
diff --git a/doc/api/crypto.md b/doc/api/crypto.md
@@ -1348,35 +1348,41 @@ keys.
 ### `keyObject.export([options])`
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.6.0
+changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37081
+    description: Added support for `'jwk'` format.
 -->
 
 * `options`: {Object}
-* Returns: {string | Buffer}
+* Returns: {string | Buffer | Object}
 
-For symmetric keys, this function allocates a `Buffer` containing the key
-material and ignores any options.
+For symmetric keys, the following encoding options can be used:
 
-For asymmetric keys, the `options` parameter is used to determine the export
-format.
+* `format`: {string} Must be `'buffer'` (default) or `'jwk'`.
 
 For public keys, the following encoding options can be used:
 
 * `type`: {string} Must be one of `'pkcs1'` (RSA only) or `'spki'`.
-* `format`: {string} Must be `'pem'` or `'der'`.
+* `format`: {string} Must be `'pem'`, `'der'`, or `'jwk'`.
 
 For private keys, the following encoding options can be used:
 
 * `type`: {string} Must be one of `'pkcs1'` (RSA only), `'pkcs8'` or
   `'sec1'` (EC only).
-* `format`: {string} Must be `'pem'` or `'der'`.
+* `format`: {string} Must be `'pem'`, `'der'`, or `'jwk'`.
 * `cipher`: {string} If specified, the private key will be encrypted with
    the given `cipher` and `passphrase` using PKCS#5 v2.0 password based
    encryption.
 * `passphrase`: {string | Buffer} The passphrase to use for encryption, see
   `cipher`.
 
-When PEM encoding was selected, the result will be a string, otherwise it will
-be a buffer containing the data encoded as DER.
+The result type depends on the selected encoding format, when PEM the
+result is a string, when DER it will be a buffer containing the data
+encoded as DER, when [JWK][] it will be an object.
+
+When [JWK][] encoding format was selected, all other encoding options are
+ignored.
 
 PKCS#1, SEC1, and PKCS#8 type keys can be encrypted by using a combination of
 the `cipher` and `format` options. The PKCS#8 `type` can be used with any
@@ -4355,6 +4361,7 @@ See the [list of SSL OP Flags][] for details.
 [Crypto constants]: #crypto_crypto_constants_1
 [HTML 5.2]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/changes.html#features-removed
 [HTML5's `keygen` element]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/keygen
+[JWK]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517
 [NIST SP 800-131A]: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-131Ar1.pdf
 [NIST SP 800-132]: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-132.pdf
 [NIST SP 800-38D]: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf

diff --git a/doc/api/errors.md b/doc/api/errors.md
@@ -919,6 +919,18 @@ added: v15.0.0
 
 Initialization of an asynchronous crypto operation failed.
 
+<a id="ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE"></a>
+### `ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE`
+
+Key's Elliptic Curve is not registered for use in the
+[JSON Web Key Elliptic Curve Registry][].
+
+<a id="ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE"></a>
+### `ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE`
+
+Key's Asymmetric Key Type is not registered for use in the
+[JSON Web Key Types Registry][].
+
 <a id="ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED"></a>
 ### `ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED`
 <!-- YAML
@@ -2716,6 +2728,8 @@ The native call from `process.cpuUsage` could not be processed.
 
 [ES Module]: esm.md
 [ICU]: intl.md#intl_internationalization_support
+[JSON Web Key Elliptic Curve Registry]: https://www.iana.org/assignments/jose/jose.xhtml#web-key-elliptic-curve
+[JSON Web Key Types Registry]: https://www.iana.org/assignments/jose/jose.xhtml#web-key-types
 [Node.js error codes]: #nodejs-error-codes
 [RFC 7230 Section 3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3
 [Subresource Integrity specification]: https://www.w3.org/TR/SRI/#the-integrity-attribute

diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js b/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ const {
   kKeyEncodingSEC1,
 } = internalBinding('crypto');
 
+const {
+  validateObject,
+  validateOneOf,
+} = require('internal/validators');
+
 const {
   codes: {
     ERR_CRYPTO_INCOMPATIBLE_KEY_OPTIONS,
@@ -30,6 +35,8 @@ const {
     ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE,
     ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE,
     ERR_OPERATION_FAILED,
+    ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE,
+    ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE,
   }
 } = require('internal/errors');
 
@@ -124,13 +131,22 @@ const [
       return this[kHandle].getSymmetricKeySize();
     }
 
-    export() {
+    export(options) {
+      if (options !== undefined) {
+        validateObject(options, 'options');
+        validateOneOf(
+          options.format, 'options.format', [undefined, 'buffer', 'jwk']);
+        if (options.format === 'jwk') {
+          return this[kHandle].exportJwk({});
+        }
+      }
       return this[kHandle].export();
     }
   }
 
   const kAsymmetricKeyType = Symbol('kAsymmetricKeyType');
   const kAsymmetricKeyDetails = Symbol('kAsymmetricKeyDetails');
+  const kAsymmetricKeyJWKProperties = Symbol('kAsymmetricKeyJWKProperties');
 
   function normalizeKeyDetails(details = {}) {
     if (details.publicExponent !== undefined) {
@@ -163,18 +179,44 @@ const [
           return {};
       }
     }
+
+    [kAsymmetricKeyJWKProperties]() {
+      switch (this.asymmetricKeyType) {
+        case 'rsa': return {};
+        case 'ec':
+          switch (this.asymmetricKeyDetails.namedCurve) {
+            case 'prime256v1': return { crv: 'P-256' };
+            case 'secp256k1': return { crv: 'secp256k1' };
+            case 'secp384r1': return { crv: 'P-384' };
+            case 'secp521r1': return { crv: 'P-521' };
+            default:
+              throw new ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE(
+                this.asymmetricKeyDetails.namedCurve);
+          }
+        case 'ed25519': return { crv: 'Ed25519' };
+        case 'ed448': return { crv: 'Ed448' };
+        case 'x25519': return { crv: 'X25519' };
+        case 'x448': return { crv: 'X448' };
+        default:
+          throw new ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE();
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   class PublicKeyObject extends AsymmetricKeyObject {
     constructor(handle) {
       super('public', handle);
     }
 
-    export(encoding) {
+    export(options) {
+      if (options && options.format === 'jwk') {
+        const properties = this[kAsymmetricKeyJWKProperties]();
+        return this[kHandle].exportJwk(properties);
+      }
       const {
         format,
         type
-      } = parsePublicKeyEncoding(encoding, this.asymmetricKeyType);
+      } = parsePublicKeyEncoding(options, this.asymmetricKeyType);
       return this[kHandle].export(format, type);
     }
   }
@@ -184,13 +226,21 @@ const [
       super('private', handle);
     }
 
-    export(encoding) {
+    export(options) {
+      if (options && options.format === 'jwk') {
+        if (options.passphrase !== undefined) {
+          throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INCOMPATIBLE_KEY_OPTIONS(
+            'jwk', 'does not support encryption');
+        }
+        const properties = this[kAsymmetricKeyJWKProperties]();
+        return this[kHandle].exportJwk(properties);
+      }
       const {
         format,
         type,
         cipher,
         passphrase
-      } = parsePrivateKeyEncoding(encoding, this.asymmetricKeyType);
+      } = parsePrivateKeyEncoding(options, this.asymmetricKeyType);
       return this[kHandle].export(format, type, cipher, passphrase);
     }
   }

diff --git a/lib/internal/errors.js b/lib/internal/errors.js
@@ -839,6 +839,8 @@ E('ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_DIGEST', 'Invalid digest: %s', TypeError);
 E('ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_KEY_OBJECT_TYPE',
   'Invalid key object type %s, expected %s.', TypeError);
 E('ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_STATE', 'Invalid state for operation %s', Error);
+E('ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE', 'Unsupported JWK EC curve: %s.', Error);
+E('ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE', 'Unsupported JWK Key Type.', Error);
 E('ERR_CRYPTO_PBKDF2_ERROR', 'PBKDF2 error', Error);
 E('ERR_CRYPTO_SCRYPT_INVALID_PARAMETER', 'Invalid scrypt parameter', Error);
 E('ERR_CRYPTO_SCRYPT_NOT_SUPPORTED', 'Scrypt algorithm not supported', Error);

diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile b/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile
@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ all: \
   ed448_public.pem \
   x448_private.pem \
   x448_public.pem \
+  ec_p256_private.pem \
+  ec_p256_public.pem \
+  ec_p384_private.pem \
+  ec_p384_public.pem \
+  ec_p521_private.pem \
+  ec_p521_public.pem \
+  ec_secp256k1_private.pem \
+  ec_secp256k1_public.pem \
 
 #
 # Create Certificate Authority: ca1
@@ -663,7 +671,7 @@ rsa_cert_foafssl_b.modulus: rsa_cert_foafssl_b.crt
 
 # Have to parse out the hex exponent
 rsa_cert_foafssl_b.exponent: rsa_cert_foafssl_b.crt
-	openssl x509 -in  rsa_cert_foafssl_b.crt -text | grep -o 'Exponent:.*' | sed 's/\(.*(\|).*\)//g' > rsa_cert_foafssl_b.exponent 
+	openssl x509 -in  rsa_cert_foafssl_b.crt -text | grep -o 'Exponent:.*' | sed 's/\(.*(\|).*\)//g' > rsa_cert_foafssl_b.exponent
 
 # openssl outputs `SPKAC=[SPKAC]`. That prefix needs to be removed to work with node
 rsa_spkac.spkac: rsa_private.pem
@@ -733,6 +741,38 @@ x448_private.pem:
 x448_public.pem: x448_private.pem
 	openssl pkey -in x448_private.pem -pubout -out x448_public.pem
 
+ec_p256_private.pem:
+	openssl ecparam -name prime256v1 -genkey -noout -out sec1_ec_p256_private.pem
+	openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in sec1_ec_p256_private.pem -out ec_p256_private.pem
+	rm sec1_ec_p256_private.pem
+
+ec_p256_public.pem: ec_p256_private.pem
+	openssl ec -in ec_p256_private.pem -pubout -out ec_p256_public.pem
+
+ec_p384_private.pem:
+	openssl ecparam -name secp384r1 -genkey -noout -out sec1_ec_p384_private.pem
+	openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in sec1_ec_p384_private.pem -out ec_p384_private.pem
+	rm sec1_ec_p384_private.pem
+
+ec_p384_public.pem: ec_p384_private.pem
+	openssl ec -in ec_p384_private.pem -pubout -out ec_p384_public.pem
+
+ec_p521_private.pem:
+	openssl ecparam -name secp521r1 -genkey -noout -out sec1_ec_p521_private.pem
+	openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in sec1_ec_p521_private.pem -out ec_p521_private.pem
+	rm sec1_ec_p521_private.pem
+
+ec_p521_public.pem: ec_p521_private.pem
+	openssl ec -in ec_p521_private.pem -pubout -out ec_p521_public.pem
+
+ec_secp256k1_private.pem:
+	openssl ecparam -name secp256k1 -genkey -noout -out sec1_ec_secp256k1_private.pem
+	openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in sec1_ec_secp256k1_private.pem -out ec_secp256k1_private.pem
+	rm sec1_ec_secp256k1_private.pem
+
+ec_secp256k1_public.pem: ec_secp256k1_private.pem
+	openssl ec -in ec_secp256k1_private.pem -pubout -out ec_secp256k1_public.pem
+
 clean:
 	rm -f *.pfx *.pem *.srl ca2-database.txt ca2-serial fake-startcom-root-serial *.print *.old fake-startcom-root-issued-certs/*.pem
 	@> fake-startcom-root-database.txt

diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p256_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p256_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIGHAgEAMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHBG0wawIBAQQgDxBsPQPIgMuMyQbx
+zbb9toew6Ev6e9O6ZhpxLNgmAEqhRANCAARfSYxhH+6V5lIg+M3O0iQBLf+53kuE
+2luIgWnp81/Ya1Gybj8tl4tJVu1GEwcTyt8hoA7vRACmCHnI5B1+bNpS
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p256_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p256_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEX0mMYR/uleZSIPjNztIkAS3/ud5L
+hNpbiIFp6fNf2GtRsm4/LZeLSVbtRhMHE8rfIaAO70QApgh5yOQdfmzaUg==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p384_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p384_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIG2AgEAMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiBIGeMIGbAgEBBDB3B+4e4C1OUxGftkEI
+Gb/SCulzUP/iE940CB6+B6WWO4LT76T8sMWiwOAGUsuZmyKhZANiAASE43efMYmC
+/7Tx90elDGBEkVnOUr4ZkMZrl/cqe8zfVy++MmayPhR46Ah3LesMCNV+J0eG15w0
+IYJ8uqasuMN6drU1LNbNYfW7+hR0woajldJpvHMPv7wlnGOlzyxH1yU=
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p384_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p384_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MHYwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEACIDYgAEhON3nzGJgv+08fdHpQxgRJFZzlK+GZDG
+a5f3KnvM31cvvjJmsj4UeOgIdy3rDAjVfidHhtecNCGCfLqmrLjDena1NSzWzWH1
+u/oUdMKGo5XSabxzD7+8JZxjpc8sR9cl
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p521_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p521_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIHuAgEAMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAjBIHWMIHTAgEBBEIAEghuafcab9jXW4gO
+QLeDaKOlHEiskQFjiL8klijk6i6DNOXcFfaJ9GW48kxpodw16ttAf9Z1WQstfzpK
+GUetHImhgYkDgYYABAGixYI8Gbc5zNze6rH2/OmsFV3unOnY1GDqG9RTfpJZXpL9
+ChF1dG8HA4zxkM+X+jMSwm4THh0Wr1Euj9dK7E7QZwHd35XsQXgH13Hjc0QR9dvJ
+BWzlg+luNTY8CkaqiBdur5oFv/AjpXRimYxZDkhAEsTwXLwNohSUVMkN8IQtNI9D
+aQ==
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p521_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_p521_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MIGbMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAjA4GGAAQBosWCPBm3Oczc3uqx9vzprBVd7pzp
+2NRg6hvUU36SWV6S/QoRdXRvBwOM8ZDPl/ozEsJuEx4dFq9RLo/XSuxO0GcB3d+V
+7EF4B9dx43NEEfXbyQVs5YPpbjU2PApGqogXbq+aBb/wI6V0YpmMWQ5IQBLE8Fy8
+DaIUlFTJDfCELTSPQ2k=
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_secp256k1_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_secp256k1_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIGEAgEAMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAKBG0wawIBAQQgc34ocwTwpFa9NZZh3l88
+qXyrkoYSxvC0FEsU5v1v4IOhRANCAARw7OEVKlbGFqUJtY10/Yf/JSR0LzUL1PZ1
+4Ol/ErujAPgNwwGU5PSD6aTfn9NycnYB2hby9XwB2qF3+El+DV8q
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ec_secp256k1_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ec_secp256k1_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFYwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAoDQgAEcOzhFSpWxhalCbWNdP2H/yUkdC81C9T2
+deDpfxK7owD4DcMBlOT0g+mk35/TcnJ2AdoW8vV8Adqhd/hJfg1fKg==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ const {
   publicDecrypt,
   publicEncrypt,
   privateDecrypt,
-  privateEncrypt
+  privateEncrypt,
+  getCurves,
+  generateKeyPairSync
 } = require('crypto');
 
 const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
@@ -156,6 +158,56 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
     });
   }
 
+  const jwk = {
+    e: 'AQAB',
+    n: 't9xYiIonscC3vz_A2ceR7KhZZlDu_5bye53nCVTcKnWd2seY6UAdKersX6njr83Dd5OVe' +
+       '1BW_wJvp5EjWTAGYbFswlNmeD44edEGM939B6Lq-_8iBkrTi8mGN4YCytivE24YI0D4XZ' +
+       'MPfkLSpab2y_Hy4DjQKBq1ThZ0UBnK-9IhX37Ju_ZoGYSlTIGIhzyaiYBh7wrZBoPczIE' +
+       'u6et_kN2VnnbRUtkYTF97ggcv5h-hDpUQjQW0ZgOMcTc8n-RkGpIt0_iM_bTjI3Tz_gsF' +
+       'di6hHcpZgbopPL630296iByyigQCPJVzdusFrQN5DeC-zT_nGypQkZanLb4ZspSx9Q',
+    d: 'ktnq2LvIMqBj4txP82IEOorIRQGVsw1khbm8A-cEpuEkgM71Yi_0WzupKktucUeevQ5i0' +
+       'Yh8w9e1SJiTLDRAlJz66kdky9uejiWWl6zR4dyNZVMFYRM43ijLC-P8rPne9Fz16IqHFW' +
+       '5VbJqA1xCBhKmuPMsD71RNxZ4Hrsa7Kt_xglQTYsLbdGIwDmcZihId9VGXRzvmCPsDRf2' +
+       'fCkAj7HDeRxpUdEiEDpajADc-PWikra3r3b40tVHKWm8wxJLivOIN7GiYXKQIW6RhZgH-' +
+       'Rk45JIRNKxNagxdeXUqqyhnwhbTo1Hite0iBDexN9tgoZk0XmdYWBn6ElXHRZ7VCDQ',
+    p: '8UovlB4nrBm7xH-u7XXBMbqxADQm5vaEZxw9eluc-tP7cIAI4sglMIvL_FMpbd2pEeP_B' +
+       'kR76NTDzzDuPAZvUGRavgEjy0O9j2NAs_WPK4tZF-vFdunhnSh4EHAF4Ij9kbsUi90NOp' +
+       'bGfVqPdOaHqzgHKoR23Cuusk9wFQ2XTV8',
+    q: 'wxHdEYT9xrpfrHPqSBQPpO0dWGKJEkrWOb-76rSfuL8wGR4OBNmQdhLuU9zTIh22pog-X' +
+       'PnLPAecC-4yu_wtJ2SPCKiKDbJBre0CKPyRfGqzvA3njXwMxXazU4kGs-2Fg-xu_iKbaI' +
+       'jxXrclBLhkxhBtySrwAFhxxOk6fFcPLSs',
+    dp: 'qS_Mdr5CMRGGMH0bKhPUWEtAixUGZhJaunX5wY71Xoc_Gh4cnO-b7BNJ_-5L8WZog0vr' +
+       '6PgiLhrqBaCYm2wjpyoG2o2wDHm-NAlzN_wp3G2EFhrSxdOux-S1c0kpRcyoiAO2n29rN' +
+       'Da-jOzwBBcU8ACEPdLOCQl0IEFFJO33tl8',
+    dq: 'WAziKpxLKL7LnL4dzDcx8JIPIuwnTxh0plCDdCffyLaT8WJ9lXbXHFTjOvt8WfPrlDP_' +
+       'Ylxmfkw5BbGZOP1VLGjZn2DkH9aMiwNmbDXFPdG0G3hzQovx_9fajiRV4DWghLHeT9wzJ' +
+       'fZabRRiI0VQR472300AVEeX4vgbrDBn600',
+    qi: 'k7czBCT9rHn_PNwCa17hlTy88C4vXkwbz83Oa-aX5L4e5gw5lhcR2ZuZHLb2r6oMt9rl' +
+       'D7EIDItSs-u21LOXWPTAlazdnpYUyw_CzogM_PN-qNwMRXn5uXFFhmlP2mVg2EdELTahX' +
+       'ch8kWqHaCSX53yvqCtRKu_j76V31TfQZGM',
+    kty: 'RSA',
+  };
+
+  for (const keyObject of [publicKey, derivedPublicKey]) {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(
+      keyObject.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+      { kty: 'RSA', n: jwk.n, e: jwk.e }
+    );
+  }
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(
+    privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    jwk
+  );
+
+  // Exporting the key using JWK should not work since this format does not
+  // support key encryption
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk', passphrase: 'secret' });
+  }, {
+    message: 'The selected key encoding jwk does not support encryption.',
+    code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_INCOMPATIBLE_KEY_OPTIONS'
+  });
+
   const publicDER = publicKey.export({
     format: 'der',
     type: 'pkcs1'
@@ -254,36 +306,150 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
 [
   { private: fixtures.readKey('ed25519_private.pem', 'ascii'),
     public: fixtures.readKey('ed25519_public.pem', 'ascii'),
-    keyType: 'ed25519' },
+    keyType: 'ed25519',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'Ed25519',
+      x: 'K1wIouqnuiA04b3WrMa-xKIKIpfHetNZRv3h9fBf768',
+      d: 'wVK6M3SMhQh3NK-7GRrSV-BVWQx1FO5pW8hhQeu_NdA',
+      kty: 'OKP'
+    } },
   { private: fixtures.readKey('ed448_private.pem', 'ascii'),
     public: fixtures.readKey('ed448_public.pem', 'ascii'),
-    keyType: 'ed448' },
+    keyType: 'ed448',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'Ed448',
+      x: 'oX_ee5-jlcU53-BbGRsGIzly0V-SZtJ_oGXY0udf84q2hTW2RdstLktvwpkVJOoNb7o' +
+         'Dgc2V5ZUA',
+      d: '060Ke71sN0GpIc01nnGgMDkp0sFNQ09woVo4AM1ffax1-mjnakK0-p-S7-Xf859QewX' +
+         'jcR9mxppY',
+      kty: 'OKP'
+    } },
   { private: fixtures.readKey('x25519_private.pem', 'ascii'),
     public: fixtures.readKey('x25519_public.pem', 'ascii'),
-    keyType: 'x25519' },
+    keyType: 'x25519',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'X25519',
+      x: 'aSb8Q-RndwfNnPeOYGYPDUN3uhAPnMLzXyfi-mqfhig',
+      d: 'mL_IWm55RrALUGRfJYzw40gEYWMvtRkesP9mj8o8Omc',
+      kty: 'OKP'
+    } },
   { private: fixtures.readKey('x448_private.pem', 'ascii'),
     public: fixtures.readKey('x448_public.pem', 'ascii'),
-    keyType: 'x448' },
+    keyType: 'x448',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'X448',
+      x: 'ioHSHVpTs6hMvghosEJDIR7ceFiE3-Xccxati64oOVJ7NWjfozE7ae31PXIUFq6cVYg' +
+         'vSKsDFPA',
+      d: 'tMNtrO_q8dlY6Y4NDeSTxNQ5CACkHiPvmukidPnNIuX_EkcryLEXt_7i6j6YZMKsrWy' +
+         'S0jlSYJk',
+      kty: 'OKP'
+    } },
 ].forEach((info) => {
   const keyType = info.keyType;
 
   {
-    const exportOptions = { type: 'pkcs8', format: 'pem' };
     const key = createPrivateKey(info.private);
     assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'private');
     assert.strictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyType, keyType);
     assert.strictEqual(key.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
-    assert.strictEqual(key.export(exportOptions), info.private);
+    assert.strictEqual(
+      key.export({ type: 'pkcs8', format: 'pem' }), info.private);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(
+      key.export({ format: 'jwk' }), info.jwk);
   }
 
   {
-    const exportOptions = { type: 'spki', format: 'pem' };
     [info.private, info.public].forEach((pem) => {
       const key = createPublicKey(pem);
       assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'public');
       assert.strictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyType, keyType);
       assert.strictEqual(key.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
-      assert.strictEqual(key.export(exportOptions), info.public);
+      assert.strictEqual(
+        key.export({ type: 'spki', format: 'pem' }), info.public);
+      const jwk = { ...info.jwk };
+      delete jwk.d;
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(
+        key.export({ format: 'jwk' }), jwk);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+[
+  { private: fixtures.readKey('ec_p256_private.pem', 'ascii'),
+    public: fixtures.readKey('ec_p256_public.pem', 'ascii'),
+    keyType: 'ec',
+    namedCurve: 'prime256v1',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'P-256',
+      d: 'DxBsPQPIgMuMyQbxzbb9toew6Ev6e9O6ZhpxLNgmAEo',
+      kty: 'EC',
+      x: 'X0mMYR_uleZSIPjNztIkAS3_ud5LhNpbiIFp6fNf2Gs',
+      y: 'UbJuPy2Xi0lW7UYTBxPK3yGgDu9EAKYIecjkHX5s2lI'
+    } },
+  { private: fixtures.readKey('ec_secp256k1_private.pem', 'ascii'),
+    public: fixtures.readKey('ec_secp256k1_public.pem', 'ascii'),
+    keyType: 'ec',
+    namedCurve: 'secp256k1',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'secp256k1',
+      d: 'c34ocwTwpFa9NZZh3l88qXyrkoYSxvC0FEsU5v1v4IM',
+      kty: 'EC',
+      x: 'cOzhFSpWxhalCbWNdP2H_yUkdC81C9T2deDpfxK7owA',
+      y: '-A3DAZTk9IPppN-f03JydgHaFvL1fAHaoXf4SX4NXyo'
+    } },
+  { private: fixtures.readKey('ec_p384_private.pem', 'ascii'),
+    public: fixtures.readKey('ec_p384_public.pem', 'ascii'),
+    keyType: 'ec',
+    namedCurve: 'secp384r1',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'P-384',
+      d: 'dwfuHuAtTlMRn7ZBCBm_0grpc1D_4hPeNAgevgelljuC0--k_LDFosDgBlLLmZsi',
+      kty: 'EC',
+      x: 'hON3nzGJgv-08fdHpQxgRJFZzlK-GZDGa5f3KnvM31cvvjJmsj4UeOgIdy3rDAjV',
+      y: 'fidHhtecNCGCfLqmrLjDena1NSzWzWH1u_oUdMKGo5XSabxzD7-8JZxjpc8sR9cl'
+    } },
+  { private: fixtures.readKey('ec_p521_private.pem', 'ascii'),
+    public: fixtures.readKey('ec_p521_public.pem', 'ascii'),
+    keyType: 'ec',
+    namedCurve: 'secp521r1',
+    jwk: {
+      crv: 'P-521',
+      d: 'ABIIbmn3Gm_Y11uIDkC3g2ijpRxIrJEBY4i_JJYo5OougzTl3BX2ifRluPJMaaHcNer' +
+         'bQH_WdVkLLX86ShlHrRyJ',
+      kty: 'EC',
+      x: 'AaLFgjwZtznM3N7qsfb86awVXe6c6djUYOob1FN-kllekv0KEXV0bwcDjPGQz5f6MxL' +
+         'CbhMeHRavUS6P10rsTtBn',
+      y: 'Ad3flexBeAfXceNzRBH128kFbOWD6W41NjwKRqqIF26vmgW_8COldGKZjFkOSEASxPB' +
+         'cvA2iFJRUyQ3whC00j0Np'
+    } },
+].forEach((info) => {
+  const { keyType, namedCurve } = info;
+
+  {
+    const key = createPrivateKey(info.private);
+    assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'private');
+    assert.strictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyType, keyType);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyDetails, { namedCurve });
+    assert.strictEqual(key.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
+    assert.strictEqual(
+      key.export({ type: 'pkcs8', format: 'pem' }), info.private);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(
+      key.export({ format: 'jwk' }), info.jwk);
+  }
+
+  {
+    [info.private, info.public].forEach((pem) => {
+      const key = createPublicKey(pem);
+      assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'public');
+      assert.strictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyType, keyType);
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyDetails, { namedCurve });
+      assert.strictEqual(key.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
+      assert.strictEqual(
+        key.export({ type: 'spki', format: 'pem' }), info.public);
+      const jwk = { ...info.jwk };
+      delete jwk.d;
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(
+        key.export({ format: 'jwk' }), jwk);
     });
   }
 });
@@ -321,6 +487,9 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
   assert.strictEqual(publicKey.type, 'public');
   assert.strictEqual(publicKey.asymmetricKeyType, 'dsa');
   assert.strictEqual(publicKey.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
+  assert.throws(
+    () => publicKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE' });
 
   const privateKey = createPrivateKey({
     key: privateDsa,
@@ -330,7 +499,9 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
   assert.strictEqual(privateKey.type, 'private');
   assert.strictEqual(privateKey.asymmetricKeyType, 'dsa');
   assert.strictEqual(privateKey.symmetricKeySize, undefined);
-
+  assert.throws(
+    () => privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE' });
 }
 
 {
@@ -350,6 +521,13 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
     assert.strictEqual(privateKey.type, 'private');
     assert.strictEqual(privateKey.asymmetricKeyType, 'rsa-pss');
 
+    assert.throws(
+      () => publicKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+      { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE' });
+    assert.throws(
+      () => privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+      { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE' });
+
     for (const key of [privatePem, privateKey]) {
       // Any algorithm should work.
       for (const algo of ['sha1', 'sha256']) {
@@ -485,3 +663,46 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
     message: "The property 'options.cipher' is invalid. Received undefined"
   });
 }
+
+{
+  // SecretKeyObject export buffer format (default)
+  const buffer = Buffer.from('Hello World');
+  const keyObject = createSecretKey(buffer);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(keyObject.export(), buffer);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(keyObject.export({}), buffer);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(keyObject.export({ format: 'buffer' }), buffer);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(keyObject.export({ format: undefined }), buffer);
+}
+
+{
+  // Exporting an "oct" JWK from a SecretKeyObject
+  const buffer = Buffer.from('Hello World');
+  const keyObject = createSecretKey(buffer);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(
+    keyObject.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    { kty: 'oct', k: 'SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ' }
+  );
+}
+
+{
+  // Exporting a JWK unsupported curve EC key
+  const supported = ['prime256v1', 'secp256k1', 'secp384r1', 'secp521r1'];
+  // Find an unsupported curve regardless of whether a FIPS compliant crypto
+  // provider is currently in use.
+  const namedCurve = getCurves().find((curve) => !supported.includes(curve));
+  assert(namedCurve);
+  const keyPair = generateKeyPairSync('ec', { namedCurve });
+  const { publicKey, privateKey } = keyPair;
+  assert.throws(
+    () => publicKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    {
+      code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE',
+      message: `Unsupported JWK EC curve: ${namedCurve}.`
+    });
+  assert.throws(
+    () => privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+    {
+      code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_CURVE',
+      message: `Unsupported JWK EC curve: ${namedCurve}.`
+    });
+}