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Merged
merged 19 commits into from
Apr 29, 2019
Merged

bpo-36540: PEP 570 -- Implementation #12701

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d2d00cb
Update Grammar/Grammar with new typedarglist and varargslist
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
09e64c6
Regenerate grammar files
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
734b220
Update and regenerate AST related files
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
03c85f8
Update code object
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
73ac7b7
Update marshal.c
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
6d2eb5a
Update compiler and symtable
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
7d32401
Regenerate importlib files
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
47efe56
Update callable objects
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
d5c86eb
Implement positional-only args logic in ceval.c
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
5200f68
Regenerate frozen data
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
e13be25
Update standard library to account for positional-only args
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
21669a1
Add test file for positional-only args
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
cd8c944
Update other test files to account for positional-only args
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
588a3d1
Add News entry
pablogsal Apr 6, 2019
f5f1952
Update inspect module and related tests
pablogsal Apr 12, 2019
791c44c
Style and PEP7 fixes
pablogsal Apr 13, 2019
5dbaed3
Adress Victor's feedback
pablogsal Apr 14, 2019
afe86b9
Test cases with two or more /
pablogsal Apr 24, 2019
0514954
Adress Serhiy's feedback
pablogsal Apr 29, 2019
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46 changes: 44 additions & 2 deletions Grammar/Grammar
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -22,13 +22,55 @@ async_funcdef: ASYNC funcdef
funcdef: 'def' NAME parameters ['->' test] ':' [TYPE_COMMENT] func_body_suite

parameters: '(' [typedargslist] ')'
typedargslist: (tfpdef ['=' test] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] [

# The following definition for typedarglist is equivalent to this set of rules:
#
# arguments = argument (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] argument)*
# argument = tfpdef ['=' test]
# kwargs = '**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]
# args = '*' [tfpdef]
# kwonly_kwargs = (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] argument)* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] [kwargs]])
# args_kwonly_kwargs = args kwonly_kwargs | kwargs
# poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs = arguments ( TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] [args_kwonly_kwargs]])
# typedargslist_no_posonly = poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs | args_kwonly_kwargs
# typedarglist = (arguments ',' [TYPE_COMMENT] '/' [',' [[TYPE_COMMENT] typedargslist_no_posonly]])|(typedargslist_no_posonly)"
#
# It needs to be fully expanded to allow our LL(1) parser to work on it.

typedargslist: (
(tfpdef ['=' test] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* ',' [TYPE_COMMENT] '/' [',' [ [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test] (
',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] [
'*' [tfpdef] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] ['**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '*' [tfpdef] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] ['**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]] )
| (tfpdef ['=' test] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] [
'*' [tfpdef] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] ['**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '*' [tfpdef] (',' [TYPE_COMMENT] tfpdef ['=' test])* (TYPE_COMMENT | [',' [TYPE_COMMENT] ['**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT]]])
| '**' tfpdef [','] [TYPE_COMMENT])
)
tfpdef: NAME [':' test]
varargslist: (vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' [

# The following definition for varargslist is equivalent to this set of rules:
#
# arguments = argument (',' argument )*
# argument = vfpdef ['=' test]
# kwargs = '**' vfpdef [',']
# args = '*' [vfpdef]
# kwonly_kwargs = (',' argument )* [',' [kwargs]]
# args_kwonly_kwargs = args kwonly_kwargs | kwargs
# poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs = arguments [',' [args_kwonly_kwargs]]
# vararglist_no_posonly = poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs | args_kwonly_kwargs
# varargslist = arguments ',' '/' [','[(vararglist_no_posonly)]] | (vararglist_no_posonly)
#
# It needs to be fully expanded to allow our LL(1) parser to work on it.

varargslist: vfpdef ['=' test ](',' vfpdef ['=' test])* ',' '/' [',' [ (vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' [
'*' [vfpdef] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vfpdef [',']]]
| '**' vfpdef [',']]]
| '*' [vfpdef] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vfpdef [',']]]
| '**' vfpdef [',']) ]] | (vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' [
'*' [vfpdef] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vfpdef [',']]]
| '**' vfpdef [',']]]
| '*' [vfpdef] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vfpdef [',']]]
Expand Down
10 changes: 6 additions & 4 deletions Include/Python-ast.h
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3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion Include/code.h
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Expand Up @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ typedef uint16_t _Py_CODEUNIT;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
int co_argcount; /* #arguments, except *args */
int co_posonlyargcount; /* #positional only arguments */
int co_kwonlyargcount; /* #keyword only arguments */
int co_nlocals; /* #local variables */
int co_stacksize; /* #entries needed for evaluation stack */
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyCode_Type;

/* Public interface */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject *) PyCode_New(
int, int, int, int, int, PyObject *, PyObject *,
int, int, int, int, int, int, PyObject *, PyObject *,
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Adding a required argument to the code type constructor will breaking every library that creates types.CodeType instances. Are you sure this is a good idea?

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Looks like it has already started: https://www.google.com/search?q=TypeError%3A+code%28%29+%22takes+at+least+14+arguments+%2813+given%29%22

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You missed the end of the story:

commit 4a2edc34a405150d0b23ecfdcb401e7cf59f4650
Author: Pablo Galindo <[email protected]>
Date:   Mon Jul 1 11:35:05 2019 +0100

    bpo-37221: Add PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs to be used internally and set PyCode_New as a compatibility wrapper (GH-13959)
    
    Add PyCode_NewEx to be used internally and set PyCode_New as a compatibility wrapper

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@pablogsal pablogsal Feb 18, 2020 •
edited
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Also, types.CodeType's constructor is considered private. We now even have this warning in the docs (https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/types.html#standard-interpreter-types):

If you instantiate any of these types, note that signatures may vary between Python versions.

Additionally, you have now available types.CodeType.replace in case you can to create a copy with some fields changed.

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Thank you for the explanation!
I hope in future we'll have a more stable API for dynamic function generation.

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@ManifoldFR ManifoldFR Oct 1, 2020 •
edited
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This breaks pickle.loads for functions constructed as

def constant_fn(val: float) -> Callable:
    def func(_):
        return val
    
    return func
fun = constant_fn(1.)

and pickled using cloudpickle under Python 3.7; these can't be loaded back up under Python 3.8.
Should this be addressed downstream in cloudpickle ?

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@pablogsal pablogsal Oct 1, 2020 •
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Should this be addressed downstream in cloudpickle ?

Yes, they need to update whatever code they are using to create code objects as code objects in Python3.8 require an extra field. Please, check these sections in the docs:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#standard-interpreter-types

If you instantiate any of these types, note that signatures may vary between Python versions.

Also, check this new C-API function:

https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/code.html#c.PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs

and this new convenience function:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.CodeType.replace

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Alright, I'll file an issue there. Thanks.

PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
PyObject *, PyObject *, int, PyObject *);
/* same as struct above */
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions Lib/ctypes/test/test_values.py
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Expand Up @@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ class struct_frozen(Structure):
continue
items.append((entry.name.decode("ascii"), entry.size))

expected = [("__hello__", 139),
("__phello__", -139),
("__phello__.spam", 139),
expected = [("__hello__", 141),
("__phello__", -141),
("__phello__.spam", 141),
]
self.assertEqual(items, expected, "PyImport_FrozenModules example "
"in Doc/library/ctypes.rst may be out of date")
Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions Lib/dis.py
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Expand Up @@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ def _format_code_info(co):
lines.append("Name: %s" % co.co_name)
lines.append("Filename: %s" % co.co_filename)
lines.append("Argument count: %s" % co.co_argcount)
lines.append("Positional-only arguments: %s" % co.co_posonlyargcount)
lines.append("Kw-only arguments: %s" % co.co_kwonlyargcount)
lines.append("Number of locals: %s" % co.co_nlocals)
lines.append("Stack size: %s" % co.co_stacksize)
Expand Down
3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py
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Expand Up @@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
# this might affected the first line number #32911)
# Python 3.8a1 3400 (move frame block handling to compiler #17611)
# Python 3.8a1 3401 (add END_ASYNC_FOR #33041)
# Python 3.8a1 3410 (PEP570 Python Positional-Only Parameters #36540)
#
# MAGIC must change whenever the bytecode emitted by the compiler may no
# longer be understood by older implementations of the eval loop (usually
Expand All @@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
# Whenever MAGIC_NUMBER is changed, the ranges in the magic_values array
# in PC/launcher.c must also be updated.

MAGIC_NUMBER = (3401).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
MAGIC_NUMBER = (3410).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
_RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER = int.from_bytes(MAGIC_NUMBER, 'little') # For import.c

_PYCACHE = '__pycache__'
Expand Down
96 changes: 59 additions & 37 deletions Lib/inspect.py
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Expand Up @@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ def iscode(object):
| 16=nested | 32=generator | 64=nofree | 128=coroutine
| 256=iterable_coroutine | 512=async_generator
co_freevars tuple of names of free variables
co_posonlyargcount number of positional only arguments
co_kwonlyargcount number of keyword only arguments (not including ** arg)
co_lnotab encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
co_name name with which this code object was defined
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1031,26 +1032,20 @@ def getargs(co):
'args' is the list of argument names. Keyword-only arguments are
appended. 'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and **
arguments or None."""
args, varargs, kwonlyargs, varkw = _getfullargs(co)
return Arguments(args + kwonlyargs, varargs, varkw)

def _getfullargs(co):
"""Get information about the arguments accepted by a code object.

Four things are returned: (args, varargs, kwonlyargs, varkw), where
'args' and 'kwonlyargs' are lists of argument names, and 'varargs'
and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None."""

if not iscode(co):
raise TypeError('{!r} is not a code object'.format(co))

nargs = co.co_argcount
names = co.co_varnames
nargs = co.co_argcount
nposonlyargs = co.co_posonlyargcount
nkwargs = co.co_kwonlyargcount
args = list(names[:nargs])
kwonlyargs = list(names[nargs:nargs+nkwargs])
nposargs = nargs + nposonlyargs
posonlyargs = list(names[:nposonlyargs])
args = list(names[nposonlyargs:nposonlyargs+nargs])
kwonlyargs = list(names[nposargs:nposargs+nkwargs])
step = 0

nargs += nposonlyargs
nargs += nkwargs
varargs = None
if co.co_flags & CO_VARARGS:
Expand All @@ -1059,8 +1054,7 @@ def _getfullargs(co):
varkw = None
if co.co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS:
varkw = co.co_varnames[nargs]
return args, varargs, kwonlyargs, varkw

return Arguments(posonlyargs + args + kwonlyargs, varargs, varkw)

ArgSpec = namedtuple('ArgSpec', 'args varargs keywords defaults')

Expand All @@ -1087,15 +1081,16 @@ def getargspec(func):
warnings.warn("inspect.getargspec() is deprecated since Python 3.0, "
"use inspect.signature() or inspect.getfullargspec()",
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, ann = \
getfullargspec(func)
if kwonlyargs or ann:
raise ValueError("Function has keyword-only parameters or annotations"
", use getfullargspec() API which can support them")
args, varargs, varkw, defaults, posonlyargs, kwonlyargs, \
kwonlydefaults, ann = getfullargspec(func)
if posonlyargs or kwonlyargs or ann:
raise ValueError("Function has positional-only, keyword-only parameters"
" or annotations, use getfullargspec() API which can"
" support them")
return ArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults)

FullArgSpec = namedtuple('FullArgSpec',
'args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, annotations')
'args, varargs, varkw, defaults, posonlyargs, kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, annotations')

def getfullargspec(func):
"""Get the names and default values of a callable object's parameters.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1145,6 +1140,7 @@ def getfullargspec(func):
args = []
varargs = None
varkw = None
posonlyargs = []
kwonlyargs = []
defaults = ()
annotations = {}
Expand All @@ -1159,7 +1155,9 @@ def getfullargspec(func):
name = param.name

if kind is _POSITIONAL_ONLY:
args.append(name)
posonlyargs.append(name)
if param.default is not param.empty:
defaults += (param.default,)
elif kind is _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
args.append(name)
if param.default is not param.empty:
Expand All @@ -1185,7 +1183,7 @@ def getfullargspec(func):
defaults = None

return FullArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults,
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This is breaking change. getfullargspec() was added to avoid breaking old getargspec(). You need to add a new function (getfullerargspec()?) and deprecate getfullargspec().

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I suspect that there may be a longer discussion for these cases so I opened https://bugs.python.org/issue36751 to track it and decide there.

kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, annotations)
posonlyargs, kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, annotations)


ArgInfo = namedtuple('ArgInfo', 'args varargs keywords locals')
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1216,7 +1214,8 @@ def _formatannotation(annotation):
return _formatannotation

def formatargspec(args, varargs=None, varkw=None, defaults=None,
kwonlyargs=(), kwonlydefaults={}, annotations={},
posonlyargs=(), kwonlyargs=(), kwonlydefaults={},
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Since all these parameters are positional-or-keyword, inserting a new parameter in the middle is breaking change. You can add it only to the end. Or add a new function.

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I suspect that there may be a longer discussion for these cases so I opened https://bugs.python.org/issue36751 to track it and decide there.

annotations={},
formatarg=str,
formatvarargs=lambda name: '*' + name,
formatvarkw=lambda name: '**' + name,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1249,12 +1248,17 @@ def formatargandannotation(arg):
return result
specs = []
if defaults:
firstdefault = len(args) - len(defaults)
for i, arg in enumerate(args):
firstdefault = len(posonlyargs) + len(args) - len(defaults)
posonly_left = len(posonlyargs)
for i, arg in enumerate([*posonlyargs, *args]):
spec = formatargandannotation(arg)
if defaults and i >= firstdefault:
spec = spec + formatvalue(defaults[i - firstdefault])
specs.append(spec)
posonly_left -= 1
if posonlyargs and posonly_left == 0:
specs.append('/')

if varargs is not None:
specs.append(formatvarargs(formatargandannotation(varargs)))
else:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1342,7 +1346,8 @@ def getcallargs(*func_and_positional, **named):
func = func_and_positional[0]
positional = func_and_positional[1:]
spec = getfullargspec(func)
args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, ann = spec
(args, varargs, varkw, defaults, posonlyargs,
kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, ann) = spec
f_name = func.__name__
arg2value = {}

Expand All @@ -1351,12 +1356,16 @@ def getcallargs(*func_and_positional, **named):
# implicit 'self' (or 'cls' for classmethods) argument
positional = (func.__self__,) + positional
num_pos = len(positional)
num_posonlyargs = len(posonlyargs)
num_args = len(args)
num_defaults = len(defaults) if defaults else 0

n = min(num_pos, num_posonlyargs)
for i in range(num_posonlyargs):
arg2value[posonlyargs[i]] = positional[i]
n = min(num_pos, num_args)
for i in range(n):
arg2value[args[i]] = positional[i]
arg2value[args[i]] = positional[num_posonlyargs+i]
if varargs:
arg2value[varargs] = tuple(positional[n:])
possible_kwargs = set(args + kwonlyargs)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2137,9 +2146,12 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func):
func_code = func.__code__
pos_count = func_code.co_argcount
arg_names = func_code.co_varnames
positional = tuple(arg_names[:pos_count])
posonly_count = func_code.co_posonlyargcount
positional_count = posonly_count + pos_count
positional_only = tuple(arg_names[:posonly_count])
positional = tuple(arg_names[posonly_count:positional_count])
keyword_only_count = func_code.co_kwonlyargcount
keyword_only = arg_names[pos_count:(pos_count + keyword_only_count)]
keyword_only = arg_names[positional_count:(positional_count + keyword_only_count)]
annotations = func.__annotations__
defaults = func.__defaults__
kwdefaults = func.__kwdefaults__
Expand All @@ -2151,23 +2163,33 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func):

parameters = []

non_default_count = positional_count - pos_default_count
all_positional = positional_only + positional

posonly_left = posonly_count

# Non-keyword-only parameters w/o defaults.
non_default_count = pos_count - pos_default_count
for name in positional[:non_default_count]:
for name in all_positional[:non_default_count]:
kind = _POSITIONAL_ONLY if posonly_left else _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD))
kind=kind))
if posonly_left:
posonly_left -= 1

# ... w/ defaults.
for offset, name in enumerate(positional[non_default_count:]):
for offset, name in enumerate(all_positional[non_default_count:]):
kind = _POSITIONAL_ONLY if posonly_left else _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
kind=kind,
default=defaults[offset]))
if posonly_left:
posonly_left -= 1

# *args
if func_code.co_flags & CO_VARARGS:
name = arg_names[pos_count + keyword_only_count]
name = arg_names[positional_count + keyword_only_count]
annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
kind=_VAR_POSITIONAL))
Expand All @@ -2184,7 +2206,7 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func):
default=default))
# **kwargs
if func_code.co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS:
index = pos_count + keyword_only_count
index = positional_count + keyword_only_count
if func_code.co_flags & CO_VARARGS:
index += 1

Expand Down
5 changes: 3 additions & 2 deletions Lib/modulefinder.py
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Expand Up @@ -619,8 +619,9 @@ def replace_paths_in_code(self, co):
if isinstance(consts[i], type(co)):
consts[i] = self.replace_paths_in_code(consts[i])

return types.CodeType(co.co_argcount, co.co_kwonlyargcount,
co.co_nlocals, co.co_stacksize, co.co_flags,
return types.CodeType(co.co_argcount, co.co_posonlyargcount,
co.co_kwonlyargcount, co.co_nlocals,
co.co_stacksize, co.co_flags,
co.co_code, tuple(consts), co.co_names,
co.co_varnames, new_filename, co.co_name,
co.co_firstlineno, co.co_lnotab, co.co_freevars,
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion Lib/test/inspect_fodder.py
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Expand Up @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
# line 5

# line 7
def spam(a, b, c, d=3, e=4, f=5, *g, **h):
def spam(a, /, b, c, d=3, e=4, f=5, *g, **h):
eggs(b + d, c + f)

# line 11
Expand Down
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