[3.11] gh-91810: Fix regression with writing an XML declaration with encoding='unicode' (GH-93426)

Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py

@@ -3739,13 +3739,7 @@ def test_write_to_filename_as_unicode(self):
         tree = ET.ElementTree(ET.XML('''<site>\xf8</site>'''))
         tree.write(TESTFN, encoding='unicode')
         with open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
-            data = f.read()
-            expected = "<site>\xf8</site>".encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
-            if encoding.lower() in ('utf-8', 'ascii'):
-                self.assertEqual(data, expected)
-            else:
-                self.assertIn(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding=", data)
-                self.assertIn(expected, data)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"<site>\xc3\xb8</site>")
 
     def test_write_to_text_file(self):
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TESTFN)
@@ -3760,17 +3754,13 @@ def test_write_to_text_file(self):
             tree.write(f, encoding='unicode')
             self.assertFalse(f.closed)
         with open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
-            self.assertEqual(f.read(),  convlinesep(
-                             b'''<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\n'''
-                             b'''<site>&#248;</site>'''))
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(),  b'''<site>&#248;</site>''')
 
         with open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding='ISO-8859-1') as f:
             tree.write(f, encoding='unicode')
             self.assertFalse(f.closed)
         with open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
-            self.assertEqual(f.read(),  convlinesep(
-                             b'''<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?>\n'''
-                             b'''<site>\xf8</site>'''))
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'''<site>\xf8</site>''')
 
     def test_write_to_binary_file(self):
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TESTFN)

Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py

@@ -731,6 +731,7 @@ def write(self, file_or_filename,
         with _get_writer(file_or_filename, encoding) as (write, declared_encoding):
             if method == "xml" and (xml_declaration or
                     (xml_declaration is None and
+                     encoding.lower() != "unicode" and
                      declared_encoding.lower() not in ("utf-8", "us-ascii"))):
                 write("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % (
                     declared_encoding,))
@@ -757,13 +758,10 @@ def _get_writer(file_or_filename, encoding):
     except AttributeError:
         # file_or_filename is a file name
         if encoding.lower() == "unicode":
-            file = open(file_or_filename, "w",
-                        errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
-        else:
-            file = open(file_or_filename, "w", encoding=encoding,
-                        errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
-        with file:
-            yield file.write, file.encoding
+            encoding="utf-8"
+        with open(file_or_filename, "w", encoding=encoding,
+                  errors="xmlcharrefreplace") as file:
+            yield file.write, encoding
     else:
         # file_or_filename is a file-like object
         # encoding determines if it is a text or binary writer

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-06-02-08-40-58.gh-issue-91810.Gtk44w.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Suppress writing an XML declaration in open files in ``ElementTree.write()``
+with ``encoding='unicode'`` and ``xml_declaration=None``.