gh-99947: Ensure unreported error is chained for SystemError during import

Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py

@@ -351,9 +351,14 @@ def test_bad_modules(self):
                 ]:
             with self.subTest(name_base):
                 name = self.name + '_' + name_base
-                with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+                with self.assertRaises(SystemError) as cm:
                     self.load_module_by_name(name)
 
+                # If there is an unreported exception, it should be chained
+                # with the `SystemError`
+                if "unreported_exception" in name_base:
+                    self.assertIsNotNone(cm.exception.__cause__)
+
     def test_nonascii(self):
         # Test that modules with non-ASCII names can be loaded.
         # punycode behaves slightly differently in some-ASCII and no-ASCII

Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2022-12-02-09-31-19.gh-issue-99947.Ski7OC.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Raising SystemError on import will now have its cause be set to the original unexpected exception.

Objects/moduleobject.c

@@ -327,9 +327,10 @@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2(PyModuleDef* def, PyObject *spec, int module_api_versio
             goto error;
         } else {
             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                            "creation of module %s raised unreported exception",
-                            name);
+                _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
+                    PyExc_SystemError,
+                    "creation of module %s raised unreported exception",
+                    name);
                 goto error;
             }
         }
@@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ PyModule_ExecDef(PyObject *module, PyModuleDef *def)
                     return -1;
                 }
                 if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                    PyErr_Format(
+                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
                         PyExc_SystemError,
                         "execution of module %s raised unreported exception",
                         name);

Python/importdl.c

@@ -180,8 +180,7 @@ _PyImport_LoadDynamicModuleWithSpec(PyObject *spec, FILE *fp)
         }
         goto error;
     } else if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        PyErr_Format(
+        _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
             PyExc_SystemError,
             "initialization of %s raised unreported exception",
             name_buf);