sagemathgh-36488: Fix func_persist: do not use the (now removed) inspect.formatargspec, but instead use inspect.signature.

Fix func_persist: do not use inspect.formatargspec (gone as of Python
3.11)

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The method `inspect.formatargspec` has been deprecated since Python 3.5,
now removed as of 3.11. `func_persist` still uses it, so we replace it
with `inspect.signature`.

Another option would be to replace it with
`sageinspect.sage_formatargspec`. I think that func_persist should only
be used with Python functions, not Cython, and `inspect.signature` is
nicer for Python functions. If the function is defined as `def test(n:
int) -> int:`, For example, then `inspect.signature` will return `(n:
int) -> int` while `sageinspect.sage_formatargspec` will just return
`(n)`.

This should fix sagemath#36302.

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### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: sagemath#36488
Reported by: John H. Palmieri
Reviewer(s): balejk

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/configure/checksums.ini

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 tarball=configure-VERSION.tar.gz
-sha1=aa7054a0e6a582d2db1475dc47f63a54e6ac569f
-md5=40eab024557ad51e08dfb08e2753a465
-cksum=802824779
+sha1=e9ec90b5f3a9fc230231b585a9c08ea8a66ace6c
+md5=72292ce4a4020d99ea0f6d065e678034
+cksum=2701940086

build/pkgs/configure/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-c47788b02a42ef4907a0e61e702fbe9bbef27590
+234e44080724748caf9c59fd72f1720782ebd619

src/sage/misc/func_persist.py

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ def bern(n):
 
 from . import persist
 
-
 class func_persist:
     r"""
     Put ``@func_persist`` right before your function
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ def __init__(self, f, dir='func_persist'):
         os.makedirs(dir, exist_ok=True)
         self.__doc__ = '%s%s%s' % (
             f.__name__,
-            inspect.formatargspec(*inspect.getargs(f.__code__)),
+            inspect.signature(f),
             f.__doc__)
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):